Houffalize

Vorlage:Hinweisbaustein Vorlage:Infobox Ort in Belgien Houffalize (deutsch Hohenfels)<ref>Sven Vrielinck: De territoriale indeling van België 1795-1963 Volume 1. Universitaire Pers Leuven 2000. Seite 48.</ref> ist eine belgische Gemeinde im Arrondissement Bastogne der Provinz Luxemburg.

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Blick auf Houffalize

Geografie

Houffalize liegt in den Ardennen am Fluss Ourthe Orientale. Im Gemeindegebiet sind die Täler dicht bewaldet, während auf dem welligen Hochplateau Ackerland überwiegt.

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Château de Tavigny

Die Gemeinde umfasst außer dem Kernort Houffalize sechs weitere Ortsteile, die jeweils außer dem namengebenden Dorf noch weitere umfassen:

Mabompré mit Engreux, Bonnerue und Vellereux
Mont mit Achouffe, Dinez, Fontenaille, Sommerain und Wilogne
Nadrin mit Filly und Ollomont
Les Tailles mit Chabrehez und den Weilern Collas und La Pisserotte
Tavigny mit Boeur, Buret, Cetturu und Vissoule. Die Herrschaft Tavigny gehörte ursprünglich einer Familie, die diesen Namen trug, befand sich jedoch bereits 1360 in den Händen der d'Ouren, einer mächtigen Feudalfamilie des Herzogtums Luxemburg.
Wibrin mit Mormont

Geschichte

Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung findet sich 1147 indirekt über einen Winandus de Alta Falesia (hohe Felswand). Falesia ist dabei eine Latinisierung von falaise, einem französischen Wort germanischer Herkunft zu althochdeutsch fel(i)s.

1235 gründeten der seigneur (Burgherr) Thierry I. und sein Sohn Henris ein Hospital.

Vorlage:Hinweisbaustein

Datei:An overturned German tank lies in a shallow stream alongside a rebuilt bridge in war-ravaged Houffalizo, Belgium. - NARA - 196224.jpg

Zerstörung der Ortschaft und umgekippter deutscher Panzer V Panther (Juni 1945)

In der Endphase des Zweiten Weltkrieges, als die Alliierten die deutsche Ardennenoffensive zurückwarfen, wurde der Kernort Houffalize durch massives Bombardement völlig zerstört. In den Tagen vom 25. Dezember 1944 bis zum 6. Januar 1945, vor allem in der Nacht vom 30. zum 31. Dezember (ein Angriff mit 166 Bombern)<ref>The National Archives: Royal Air Force Bomber Command. Campaign Diary. December 1944, abgerufen am 30. November 2016.</ref> sowie in der Nacht vom 5. zum 6. Januar (ein Angriff mit 140 Bombern)<ref>The National Archives: Royal Air Force Bomber Command. Campaign Diary. January 1945, abgerufen am 30. November 2016.</ref> warf die Royal Air Force (RAF), unterstützt von der Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), zur Vorbereitung des alliierten Gegenangriffes 1000 Tonnen Bomben auf Houffalize.<ref>John Herington: Air Power Over Europe, 1944–1945 (= Australia in the war of 1939–1945, Series 3: Air, Bd. 4). Australian War Memorial, Canberra 1963, S. 396.</ref> Die Stadt wurde in ein Bombentrichterfeld verwandelt.<ref>Arthur Harris: Despatch on War Operations: 23rd February, 1942, to 8th May, 1945. Routledge, London 1995, S. 28.</ref>

Am 16. Januar besetzten vorrückende amerikanische Truppen die Ruinen von Houffalize.<ref>John Herington: Air Power Over Europe, 1944–1945 (= Australia in the war of 1939–1945, Series 3: Air, Bd. 4). Australian War Memorial, Canberra 1963, S. 395.</ref> Dies war für sie ein wichtiger Einschnitt:<ref>Charles B. MacDonald: The Last Offensive (= United States Army in World War II. European Theater of Operations). Department of the Army – Historical Division, Washington, DC 1973, S. 42 online.</ref>

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Sehenswürdigkeiten

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Kapelle Sainte-Marguerite

Sainte-Marguerite (Ollômont), romanische Kapelle aus dem 12. Jahrhundert mit Chorturm

Wirtschaft

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Brasserie d’Achouffe

Brasserie d’Achouffe, international bekannte Brauerei.

Städtepartnerschaft

Die Gemeinde Houffalize ist Mitglied des europäischen Partnerschaftsprojektes Douzelage.

Personen

Johann von Avesnes (1218–1257), Graf von Hennegau

Literatur

Vorlage:MerianTopo

Weblinks

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Einzelnachweise

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Vorlage:Normdaten