Herbert Henry Dow
Herbert Henry Dow (* 26. Februar 1866 in Belleville (Kanada); † 15. Oktober 1930 in Midland, USA) war ein US-amerikanischer Chemiker und Industrieller. Er entwickelte unter anderem ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Brom aus wässriger Lösung (Sole) mittels Elektrolyse. Diese Arbeiten führten 1897 zur Gründung des Unternehmens Dow Chemical in Midland im US-Bundesstaat Michigan. Bis zu seinem Tod blieb er Eigentümer und der erste Generaldirektor seines Unternehmens.
Leben
Frühes Leben
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Karriere
1889 erhielt Dow sein erstes Patent für ein kostengünstigeres und effizienteres Verfahren zur Bromgewinnung. Noch im selben Jahr gründete er sein erstes Unternehmen, war jedoch innerhalb eines Jahres bankrott. Beeindruckt von seiner Arbeit, halfen ihm einige Kollegen 1890 bei der Gründung der Midland Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan.<ref name="ohiohistory" /> Anfang 1891 erfand Dow das nach ihm benannte Dow-Verfahren, bei dem Bromid mittels Elektrolyse zu Brom oxidiert wurde.<ref name="Profile" />
Dow wollte seine elektrolytischen Forschungen auf weitere chemische Stoffe ausweiten, doch seine Geldgeber lehnten dies ab und entließen ihn aus der Midland Chemical Company.<ref name="Growth Company">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if: | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot }}
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}}</ref> Unbeirrt entwickelte Dow ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Chlor und Natronlauge aus Natriumchlorid. Nachdem er in Cleveland neue Investoren gewinnen konnte, gründete Dow 1895 in Massillon die Dow Process Company zur Weiterentwicklung seiner Verfahren.<ref name="The Dow Story">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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}}</ref> Bereits ein Jahr später kehrte er nach Midland zurück und gründete dort Dow Chemical als Nachfolger der Dow Process Company.<ref name="stock">Original Stockholder Agreement of Dow Chemical Company, 1897, File # 970041, Herbert H. Dow Papers, Post Street Archives, Midland, Michigan.</ref> Innerhalb von drei Jahren übernahm das neue Unternehmen die Midland Chemical Company.<ref name="Profile" />
Mit seiner Technologie konnte Dow Brom sehr günstig herstellen und verkaufte es in den USA für 36 Cent pro Pfund. Zur gleichen Zeit kontrollierte die von der deutschen Regierung unterstützte Deutsche Bromkonvention, ein Kartell, fast den gesamten Weltmarkt und verkaufte Brom in den USA für 49 Cent pro Pfund. 1904 ignorierte Dow die Drohungen des Kartells, das bei Ausfuhr mit Preisdumping drohte, und begann, Brom günstig nach England zu exportieren.<ref name="monopoly">{{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/URL|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:{{#if:
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Die Dow Chemical Company setzte stark auf Forschung und konnte bald viele weitere chemische Produkte aus Sole gewinnen. Der Erste Weltkrieg beschleunigte das Wachstum: Großbritannien blockierte deutsche Häfen und Dow füllte die entstandene Lücke. Man entwickelte unter anderem das Dow-Verfahren zur Magnesiumherstellung für Leuchtmunition, das Dow-Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phenol und Monochlorbenzol für Sprengstoffe sowie Brom für Arzneien und Tränengas. 1918 waren 90 % der Dow-Produktion kriegsrelevant.<ref name="Profile" /> In dieser Zeit entstand auch das bis heute verwendete Rautensymbol der Firma.<ref name="walkoffame">{{#if:Vorlage:Cite book/URL|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:{{#if:
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Nach dem Krieg erforschte Dow die Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von Magnesium, das nun in großen Mengen zur Verfügung stand. Er fand heraus, dass es sich hervorragend für Automobilkolben eignete. Diese waren leichter, erhöhten die Geschwindigkeit und senkten den Kraftstoffverbrauch.<ref name="Profile" />
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|all = url= title= |opt = script-title= trans-title= archive-url= archiveurl= archive-date= archivedate= authors= vauthors= author= author1= authorlink= authorlink1= author-link= author-link1= author2= author-link2= author3= author-link3= author4= author-link4= author5= author-link5= author6= author7= author8= author9= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= last9= first9= others= language= lang= format= website= work= publisher= via= pages= page= at= date= year= id= bibcode= doi= pmid= pmc= arxiv= archivedate= archive-date= archivebot= accessdate= access-date= quote= comment= url-status= ref= url-access= orig-year= editor= editor-link= editor-last= editor-first= editor1-link= editor1-last= editor1-first= editor2= editor2-last= editor2-first= editor2-link= department= series= agency= location= place= publication-place= publication-date= type= asin= doi-broken-date= isbn= issn= jfm= jstor= lccn= mr= oclc= ol= osti= rfc= ssrn= zbl= postscript= df= mode= display-authors= display-editors= book-title= contribution-url= offline= coauthors= month= authorlink2= authorlink3= authorlink4= authorlink5= last10= first10= last11= first11= last12= first12= last13= first13= last14= first14= last15= first15= last16= first16= last17= first17= last18= first18= last19= first19= last20= first20= last21= first21= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite web |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Cite web |format = |preview = 1 }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/Webarchiv | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:https://web.archive.org/web/20070421011844/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/45.html%7C^^%7C0%7C1}}{{#ifeq:^^%7C^^%7C%7C+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:2007-04-21|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:2025-07-02|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:en|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}</ref> Dow hinterließ seine Ehefrau Grace und fünf seiner sieben Kinder.<ref name="Obit">{{#if:
| [[{{{authorlink}}}|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}Vorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/Name{{#if: | {{#if: | , {{{coauthors}}}: | : }} | {{#if: | {{{coauthors}}}: }} }}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#switch: | unfit | usurped = {{#if: Death Claims Noted Chemist | Death Claims Noted Chemist | ?}} }} | {{#if: Death Claims Noted Chemist | Death Claims Noted Chemist }} }}{{#if: | ( }}{{#if: | Originaltitel: {{{script-title}}} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | , }}deutsch: {{{trans-title}}} }}{{#if: | ) }}{{#if: | {{#switch: | unfit | usurped = | #default = {{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if: Detroit Free Press | In: Detroit Free Press }} }} }}{{#if: | , {{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: 1930-10-16 | , {{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}} | 1930-10-16 }} }}{{#if: | , S. }}{{#if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{#if: | {{#ifeq: | 1930-10-16 | | . Abgerufen {{#if: Vorlage:Str match|am|im}} {{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}} | }} }} }}{{#switch: en |de |deutsch |= |#default= (english). }}{{#if: | „{{{quote}}}“ }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL {{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all = title= |opt = script-title= trans-title= author= authorlink= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= archivedate= archiveurl= archive-date= archive-url= url= url-status= language= format= work= newspaper= publisher= date= page= pages= id= accessdate= access-date= quote= author-link1= author-link2= author-link3=author-link4= author-link5= display-authors= author-mask= name-list-style= year= orig-year= script-title= trans-title= editor1-last= editor1-first= editor1-link= editor2-last= editor2-first= editor2-link= editor3-last= editor3-first= editor3-link= editor4-last= editor4-first= editor4-link= editor5-last= editor5-first= editor5-link= display-editors= department= type= series= volume= issue= others= edition= location= publication-date= agency= at= arxiv= asin= bibcode= doi= doi-broken-date= isbn= issn= jfm= jstor= lccn= mr= oclc= ol= osti= pmc= rfc= ssrn= zbl= via= postscript= ref= display-subjects= interviewer-given= interviewer-surname= orig-date= quote-page= quote-pages= sbn= script-quote= subject-mask= s2cid= s2cid-access= title-link= trans-quote= coauthors= offline= archivebot= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite news |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Cite news |format = |preview = 1 }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: ({{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}+{{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}+{{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}) > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:Detroit Free Press|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}</ref> Sein Sohn Willard H. Dow übernahm anschließend die Leitung der Dow Chemical Company.<ref name="MDN" />
1983 wurde er in die National Inventors Hall of Fame aufgenommen.
Weblinks
[{{canonicalurl:Commons:Category:{{#if:Herbert Dow|Herbert Dow|Herbert Henry Dow}}|uselang=de}} Commons: {{#if:|{{{2}}}|{{#if:Herbert Dow|Herbert Dow|{{#invoke:WLink|getArticleBase}}}}}}]{{#switch:1
|X|x= |0|-= |S|s= – Sammlung von Bildern |1|= – Sammlung von Bildern{{#if:
| {{#switch: {{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|1}}/{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|1}}
|1/= und Videos
|1/1=, Videos und Audiodateien
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| , Videos und Audiodateien
}}
|#default= – }}{{#if: Herbert Dow
| {{#ifeq: {{#invoke:Str|left|herbert dow|9}}
| category:
| FEHLER: Ohne Category: angeben!}}}}Vorlage:Wikidata-Registrierung
Einzelnachweise
<references />
{{#ifeq: p | p | | {{#if: 119159023n8317367742641965 | |
}} }}{{#ifeq:||{{#if: | [[Kategorie:Wikipedia:GND fehlt {{#invoke:Str|left|{{{GNDCheck}}}|7}}]] }}{{#if: | {{#if: | | }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#ifeq: 0 | 2 | | }} }}{{#if: | {{#ifeq: 0 | 2 | | }} }}{{#ifeq: p | p | {{#if: 119159023 | | {{#if: {{#statements:P227}} | | }} }} }}{{#ifeq: p | p | {{#if: 119159023 | {{#if: {{#invoke:Wikidata|pageId}} | {{#if: {{#statements:P227}} | | }} }} }} }}{{#ifeq: p | p | {{#if: n83173677 | | {{#if: {{#statements:P244}} | | }} }} }}{{#ifeq: p | p | {{#if: n83173677 | {{#if: {{#invoke:Wikidata|pageId}} | {{#if: {{#statements:P244}} | | }} }} }} }}{{#ifeq: p | p | {{#if: 42641965 | | {{#if: {{#statements:P214}} | | }} }} }}{{#ifeq: p | p | {{#if: 42641965 | {{#if: {{#invoke:Wikidata|pageId}} | {{#if: {{#statements:P214}} | | }} }} }} }}Vorlage:Wikidata-Registrierung
{{#if: Dow, Herbert Henry | {{#if: Dow, Herbert; Dow, Herbert H. | {{#if: US-amerikanischer Chemiker und Industrieller | {{#if: 26. Februar 1866 | {{#if: Belleville, Ontario, Kanada | {{#if: 15. Oktober 1930 | {{#if: Midland, Michigan, Vereinigte Staaten || Personendaten | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Dow, Herbert Henry
}} |
| ALTERNATIVNAMEN | Dow, Herbert; Dow, Herbert H.
}} |
| KURZBESCHREIBUNG | US-amerikanischer Chemiker und Industrieller
}} |
| GEBURTSDATUM | 26. Februar 1866
}} |
| GEBURTSORT | Belleville, Ontario, Kanada
}} |
| STERBEDATUM | 15. Oktober 1930
}} |
| STERBEORT | Midland, Michigan, Vereinigte Staaten
}} |
Kategorien:
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:URL
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:Linktext
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:Datum
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:"
- Wikipedia:Weblink offline fix-attempted
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link/URL fehlt
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Schwesterprojekt
- Wikipedia:GND fehlt
- Wikipedia:Normdaten-TYP falsch oder fehlend
- Wikipedia:GND in Wikipedia fehlt, in Wikidata vorhanden
- Wikipedia:GND in Wikipedia vorhanden, fehlt jedoch in Wikidata
- Wikipedia:LCCN in Wikipedia fehlt, in Wikidata vorhanden
- Wikipedia:LCCN in Wikipedia vorhanden, fehlt jedoch in Wikidata
- Wikipedia:VIAF in Wikipedia fehlt, in Wikidata vorhanden
- Wikipedia:VIAF in Wikipedia vorhanden, fehlt jedoch in Wikidata
- Chemiker (19. Jahrhundert)
- Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)
- Dow Chemical
- Mitglied der National Inventors Hall of Fame
- Kanadischer Emigrant in den Vereinigten Staaten
- US-Amerikaner
- Geboren 1866
- Gestorben 1930
- Mann