Dihydrofolatreduktase
| {{#if: Dihydrofolat-Reduktase | Dihydrofolat-Reduktase | Dihydrofolatreduktase }} | |||||||||||||
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| Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
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| Masse/Länge Primärstruktur | 186 Aminosäuren
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| {{#if: | Gen-Namen | Gen-Name}} | Gen-Name(n) }} | {{#if:2861 | DHFR | DHFR}}{{#if: |, }} }} | ||||||||||||
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| EC, Kategorie | {{#if:1.5.1.3| 1.5.1.3}}{{#if: Oxidoreduktase|, Oxidoreduktase}} }} | ||||||||||||
| MEROPS | {{{Peptidase_fam}}}}} | ||||||||||||
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| Reaktionsart | Reduktion
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| Substrat | 7,8-Dihydrofolat + NADPH + H+
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| Produkte | 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolat + NADP+
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| {{#if: | DHFR|Hovergen}}] | DHFR|Hovergen}}]}} }} }} | |||||||||||
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{{#if:Dihydrofolate reductase 1DRF.png||}}
Dihydrofolatreduktase (DHFR), auch Dihydrofolsäure-Reduktase, heißen Enzyme, die Folsäure zu Dihydrofolsäure (DHF) und DHF zu Tetrahydrofolsäure (THF) hydrieren. Diese Reaktionen aktivieren das Vitamin Folsäure und sind unentbehrlich für die Nukleotid-Biosynthese in allen Lebewesen. Beim Menschen kommt DHFR in allen Gewebetypen vor. Mutationen am DHFR-Gen können Dihydrofolat-Reduktase-Mangel, und dieser eine megaloblastäre Anämie verursachen.<ref>{{#if: | | UniProt }} {{#if:|{{{titel}}}|P00374}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Abrufdatum}}</ref>
Die DHFR in Protozoen und manchen Pflanzen ist ein Doppelenzym, das zusätzlich die Funktion der Thymidylatsynthase hat; aufgrund dieser strukturellen Eigenheit ist die protozoische DHFR Target bei der Entwicklung von Antibiotika, z. B. gegen den Malariaerreger Plasmodium falciparum oder Kryptosporidien.<ref>Prosite-Eintrag</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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Katalysierte Reaktionen
7,8-Dihydrofolsäure wird mit NADPH als Elektronendonor zu Tetrahydrofolsäure reduziert (s. Abb.). Außerdem kann Folsäure zu DHF reduziert werden; diese Reaktion läuft jedoch langsamer ab.<ref>EC 1.5.1.3</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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Weitere Funktionen
Die Anwesenheit von DHFR in Endothelzellen ist ausschlaggebend für die Funktion von Tetrahydrobiopterin in der NO-Synthase.<ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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Regulation und Hemmung
DHFR ist ein ausgiebig untersuchtes Enzym, das als Target für die Chemotherapie und bei anderen Krankheiten gilt. Das Enzym kann durch Folsäure-Antagonisten wie Methotrexat, Aminopterin oder Trimethoprim kompetitiv gehemmt werden. Die Hemmung bewirkt einen Mangel an Tetrahydrofolsäure, wodurch die Thymin-Synthese (Thymidylat-Synthase benötigt THF) sowie die Purinsynthese (Aufbau des Puringrundkörpers) verhindert wird, woraufhin die Zelle abstirbt.<ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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Weblinks
|1|= – Lern- und Lehrmaterialien |0|-= |X|x={{#switch: 0
|0|4|10|12|14|100=}}
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|opt= 1= 2= lang= suffix= |template=Vorlage:Wikibooks |cat=Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Schwesterprojekt }}
- reactome.org: Folate is reduced to dihydrofolate (DHF)
- reactome.org: DHF is reduced to tetrahydrofolate (THF)
- Proteopedia: Dihydrofolate reductase (engl.)
Einzelnachweise
<references />