Zitadelle von Saladin

{{#if:Cairo-citadel-1800s.jpg|{{#ifeq:Cairo-citadel-1800s.jpg|none||| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Zitadelle im 19. Jahrhundert
Zitadelle im 19. Jahrhundert {{#if: Kairo | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: 12. bis 13. Jahrhundert | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: 30.029444 | {{#if: {{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|0}} |{{#if: 30.029444 |

{{#if:

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colspan="2" style="background:#CEDAF2; color:#Vorlage:Standardfarbe;" | {{#if:	getArticleBase}}}}
colspan="2" style="background:#CEDAF2; color:#Vorlage:Standardfarbe;" | Daten}}|{{#if:	colspan="2" |		{{#if:	}} }} }}}}
Ort	Kairo }}
Anschrift	{{{ADRESSE}}} }}
Baumeister	}}
Architekt	{{{ARCHITEKT}}} }}
Architektin	{{{ARCHITEKTIN}}} }}
Architekten	{{{ARCHITEKTEN}}} }}
Bauingenieur	{{{BAUINGENIEUR}}} }}
Bauherr	{{{BAUHERR}}} }}
Bauherrin	{{{BAUHERRIN}}} }}
Bauherren	{{{BAUHERREN}}} }}
Baustil	{{{BAUSTIL}}} }}
Baujahr	12. bis 13. Jahrhundert }}
Bauzeit	{{{BAUZEIT}}} }}
Baukosten	{{{BAUKOSTEN}}} }}
Abriss	{{{ABRISS}}} }}
Höhe	m }}
Grundfläche	m² }}
Nutzfläche	{{{NUTZFLÄCHE}}} m² }}
{{#switch:{{#switch:{{#if:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|1}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|1}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|1}}|{{#switch:top	1|1}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}	LI|CH|GB={{#switch:{{#if:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|2}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|2}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|2}}|{{#switch:top	1|2}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}	LI|CH|GB={{#switch:{{#if:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|3}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|3}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|3}}|{{#switch:top	1|3}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}		CH|GB={{#switch:{{#if:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|4}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|4}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|4}}|{{#switch:top	1|4}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}||LI|CH|GB=|#default=DMS/}}	#default=DMS/}}	#default=DMS/}}	#default=DMS/}}{{#switch:CH	1|1}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|1}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|1}}|{{#switch:top	1|1}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}	1|2}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|2}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|2}}|{{#switch:top	1|2}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}	1|3}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|3}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|3}}|{{#switch:top	1|3}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}	1|4}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|4}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|4}}|{{#switch:top	1|4}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}=CH1903/CH1903	#default={{#switch:LI	1|1}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|1}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|1}}|{{#switch:top	1|1}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}	1|2}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|2}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|2}}|{{#switch:top	1|2}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}	1|3}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|3}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|3}}|{{#switch:top	1|3}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}	1|4}}|{{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|4}}|level}}	1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#titleparts:EG-C|1|4}}|{{#switch:top	1|4}}|level}}	adm2nd=2	adm1st=1	country=0	#default=top }} }}	#default={{#switch: top	continent =	level =	maxlevel =	acronym =	top = ??	upper =	admtype =	admtypelink =	admname =	lemma =	0 =	1 =	2 =	map = Erde	flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}}=CH1903/CH1903	#default=DMS/DMS }}}}	DMS/CH1903/CH1903={{#if:|{{{2}}}|Koordinaten}}, (CH)	CH1903/CH1903={{#if:|{{{2}}}|Koordinaten}}	OSGB36/OSGB36=Ordnance Survey GB	UTM=UTM-Koordinaten	#default={{#if:|{{{2}}}|Koordinaten}} }}	y|Simple|Complex}}|NS=30.029444|EW=31.261389|type=building|region=EG-C|globe=|dim=|elevation=|pop=|lw=|name={{#invoke:Coordinates/kml|kmlTitle|1={{#if: | | {{#if: {{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|}} |Bauwerk|{{#invoke:WLink|getArticleBase}} }} }}}}|article={{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|}}	text={{#if:30.029444|/}}|sortkey=|tooltip=|tooltipformat=|map=|mapsize=|maplevel=|maptype=|maplabel=|maplayer=|mapcaption=}}{{#if:|{{#switch:5	1 =	NS: {{{1}}}	}} {{#iferror:	EW:	}}{{#switch:0	6|14= }}	2 = {{#switch:0	6|14= }}	3 = {{#switch: {{{type}}}	state|adm1st|adm2nd|city|isle|airport|mountain|waterbody|forest|landmark=	example={{#if:		}}	kein Wert	falscher Wert ›{{{type}}}‹ }} in type-Parameter{{#switch:0	6|14= }} }} {{#if: {{{rg}}}			6	}} }} {{#iferror: {{{elevation}}}	{{{elevation}}}{{#switch:0	6|14= }}	}} {{#iferror: {{{pop}}}	{{{pop}}}{{#switch:0	6|14= }}	}}	6|14= }}	8 = {{#switch:0	6|14= }}	10= überflüssige Parameter	#default= }}}} }}
[[Datei:{{#if: | | {{Positionskarte {{#if:{{#if:EG-C EG-C {{#switch:{{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#if:EG-C EG-C level}} 1|2={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#if:EG-C EG-C {{#switch:map name={{Info ISO-3166-2:{{#if:EG-C EG-C level}} adm2nd=2 adm1st=1 country=0 #default=map }} }} #default={{#switch: map continent = level = maxlevel = acronym = top = ?? upper = admtype = admtypelink = admname = lemma = 0 = 1 = 2 = map = Erde flag = Flag of None.svg }} }}}} relief }} }}|{{#if: {{#if: {{#if:{{{LAT}}}{{{LONG}}} }} {{#ifeq:none|none|| {{#if:||{{#invoke:WLink|getArticleBase}}}} {{#ifexpr:50<0 or 50>100 or 50<0 or 50>100 |nicht auf der Kartep3}} }} {{#if:{{#if: getArticleBase}}}}|{{#if: getArticleBase}}}} ohne|keine}} Koordinaten }} 1|4}}{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}} 1|4}} N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})>=60 {{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}) )>90 90 1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}) }} }} }} }} 1}} 1}})>90|90 1}})<-90|-90 1}})}} }} }} }} }}{{#if:{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|4}}{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}}{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}} 1|4}} O|E|W={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{#switch:N R+ = abs R- = -abs Z = trunc Z+ N = abs trunc 1}}) = (0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}})>=60 {{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:31.261389 |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:31.261389 |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} }} 1}} {{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|}} |Bauwerk|{{#invoke:WLink|getArticleBase}} }} }}|{{#if: | | {{#if: {{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|}} |Bauwerk|{{#invoke:WLink|getArticleBase}} }} }}|{{#if:{{#if: getArticleBase}}}}|{{#if: getArticleBase}}}}|Zitadelle von Saladin}}}}:{{#switch:1 1|4}} N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})>=60 {{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}) )>90 90 1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}) }} }} }} }} 1}} 1}})>90|90 1}})<-90|-90 1}})}} }} }} }} }} NS: {{#if:{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|4}}{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}} 1|4}} N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})>=60 {{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}) )>90 90 1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}) }} }} }} }} 1}} 1}})>90|90 1}})<-90|-90 1}})}} }} }} }} }} } {{#iferror:{{#if:{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|4}}{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}}{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|4}} ||O|E|W={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{#switch:N | R+ = abs | R- = -abs | Z = trunc | Z+ | N = abs trunc | Z- = -abs trunc}}(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) = (0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:31.261389 |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:31.261389 |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}} |{{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} |EW: {{#if:{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|4}}{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}}{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|4}} ||O|E|W={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{#switch:N | R+ = abs | R- = -abs | Z = trunc | Z+ | N = abs trunc | Z- = -abs trunc}}(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) = (0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:31.261389 |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:31.261389 |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}} |{{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:31.261389 |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} |}} {{#if: | | }} |2={{#if: | | }} |3= ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}})}} }} }} }} }} |falscher Wert ›{{#if:{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|4}}{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:30.029444 |1}})}} }} }} }} }} ‹|kein Wert}} in type-Parameter {{#if: | | }} |5= ||N|S={{#ifeq: 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Die Zitadelle von Saladin (Salah ad-Din) (arabisch{{#if:قلعة صلاح الدين‎| {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|fold}}{{#if:Qalaʿat Salāḥ ad-Dīn| {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}}}{{#if:|, DMG {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}}}{{#if:| {{#if:|[}}{{#if:

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Erst seit Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts ist die Zitadelle für die Öffentlichkeit zugängig. Von der Zitadelle aus genießt man einen weiten Blick über Kairo. Bei klarem Wetter sind die Pyramiden von Gizeh am Horizont zu erkennen. Gleich unterhalb der Festung liegt das islamische Zentrum Kairos; die Sultan-Hassan-Moschee und die Ibn-Tulun-Moschee sind ein Teil davon.

Die Zitadellenanlage

Datei:Flickr - HuTect ShOts - Citadel of Salah El.Din and Masjid Muhammad Ali قلعة صلاح الدين الأيوبي ومسجد محمد علي - Cairo - Egypt - 17 04 2010 (4).jpg

Zitadelle von Kairo

Datei:Flickr - HuTect ShOts - Citadel of Salah El.Din and Masjid Muhammad Ali قلعة صلاح الدين الأيوبي ومسجد محمد علي - Cairo - Egypt - 17 04 2010 (1).jpg

Mauern der Zitadelle mit einer Festungspforte (vorn links im Bild) – Blick schräg nach oben gerichtet

Mit dem Bau der Zitadellenanlage wurde 1176 vom Ayyubidenkönig Salah al-Din begonnen,<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}</ref> um die Stadt Kairo besser gegen die Angriffe der Kreuzritter verteidigen zu können. Nachdem sie 1207 vollendet war, war sie die Residenz der Sultane der Mamelukenzeit und der osmanischen Paschas.<ref name=":0" /> Dazu diente der westliche Teil der Anlage, während der östliche Teil der Zitadelle eine militärische Funktion hatte.

Muhammad Ali Pascha (1769–1849) machte die Festung Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts zu seinem Regierungssitz – noch in der Zeit, als er politisch in einem Abhängigkeitsverhältnis zu den Osmanen stand. Doch schon wenige Jahre später (1811) erklärte er die Unabhängigkeit Ägyptens von der osmanischen Oberherrschaft, nachdem er in der Zitadelle sämtliche 480 versammelten Mamlukenführer, die er zu einem Gastmahl geladen hatte, ermorden ließ. In der Zeit davor bildeten die Mamluken die Herrschaftselite Ägyptens. Letztere wurde weitgehend beseitigt beziehungsweise in die umliegenden Länder vertrieben.

Neben der von ihm auf dem Zitadellenplateau errichteten Muhammad-Ali-Moschee befindet sich der Schneckenbrunnen, ein Schöpfbrunnen mit spiralförmigem Treppenhaus, der als Burgbrunnen ursprünglich der Wasserversorgung der Zitadelle diente. Der Schacht ist 88 m tief; in 48 m Tiefe befindet sich ein Absatz, auf dem früher mit Hilfe von Rindern eine Schöpfvorrichtung (sakija) das Wasser aus der Tiefe beförderte.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}</ref>

Muhammad-Ali-Moschee (Alabastermoschee)

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Eine Explosion im Pulverlager der Zitadelle zerstörte den Palast im Jahr 1824, er wurde danach nicht mehr aufgebaut. Stattdessen begann Muhammad Ali mit dem Bau einer großen Moschee im türkischen Stil, die von seinem Sohn Sa’id Pascha 1857 vollendet wurde.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}</ref> Die 82 m hohen<ref name=":2" /> Stiftminarette sind ihr Erkennungsmerkmal. Als Vorbild dienten die Minarette Istanbuler Moscheen des Baumeisters Sinan Pascha.<ref name=":2" />

Die Besucher betreten zunächst einen Vorhof, der umgeben ist von einem von kleinen Kuppeln überwölbten Arkadenumgang.<ref name=":2" /> In der Mitte des Hofs befindet sich ein Reinigungsbrunnen (hanafiyya) mit einem vorkragenden Kuppeldach. Er dient der rituellen Waschung vor dem Gebet.

Von diesem Hof führte eine Pforte in den Innenraum der Moschee, deren alabasterverkleidete Wände zu dem volkstümlichen Namen Alabastermoschee führten.<ref name=":1" /> Eine Zentralkuppel (52 m hoch, Durchmesser 21 m<ref name=":1" />) überkrönt das mit dicken Teppichen ausgelegte Innere, vier kleinere Kuppeln in den Ecken und vier Halbkuppeln über den Seiten ergänzen diese.<ref name=":1" />

Die ursprünglich der Beleuchtung dienenden Öllampen befinden sich mittlerweile im Museum und wurden durch elektrische Leuchten ersetzt – sie hängen kreisförmig von der Kuppel herunter und geben dem Ganzen einen schwerelosen Eindruck.

Im Inneren der Moschee sind zwei reich verzierte Kanzeln (Minbar) vorhanden. Neben der großen (älteren) Kanzel gibt es eine kleinere, die weiter in Richtung des Mihrab, der Gebetsnische, steht. So wurde der Gebetsraum erheblich vergrößert, denn kein Gläubiger darf hinter dem Vorbeter niederknien.

Der 28 m hohe Uhrturm der Alabastermoschee ist ein Geschenk des französischen Königs Louis Philippe an Muhammad Ali, welcher seinerseits Louis Philippe den Obelisken zum Geschenk machte, der sich heute auf dem Place de la Concorde befindet.<ref name=":1" />

Weitere Einrichtungen und Besonderheiten der Zitadelle

Die Zitadelle enthält darüber hinaus weitere Moscheen, unter anderem die Al-Nasir Muhammad Ibn Qalawun-Moschee, den Al-Gawhara Palast, das Militärische Museum und das Polizei-Museum.

Dem Zitadellenhügel (des Hügelgebiets Mukattam) fehlt ein Abschnitt; weswegen vermutet wird, dass dieser zeitweise den Pharaonen als Steinbruch diente, um Material für den Bau der großen Pyramiden von Gizeh zu gewinnen.

Visuelle Eindrücke

• Innenhofansicht der Al-Nasir Muhammad Ibn Qalawun-Moschee, ebenfalls Teil der Zitadellenanlage
  Innenhofansicht der Al-Nasir Muhammad Ibn Qalawun-Moschee, ebenfalls Teil der Zitadellenanlage
• Brunnenhäuschen im Innenhof der Muhammad Ali-Moschee
  Brunnenhäuschen im Innenhof der Muhammad Ali-Moschee
• Muhammad Ali Pascha-Moschee, erbaut auf dem Areal der Zitadelle von Kairo
  Muhammad Ali Pascha-Moschee, erbaut auf dem Areal der Zitadelle von Kairo

Siehe auch

• Gouvernement al-Qahira

Literatur

• Emma Brunner-Traut: Ägypten, Kunst- und Reiseführer mit Landeskunde. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Berlin / Köln / Mainz, 6. Aufl. 1988. ISBN 3-17-010192-7.
• Nasser Rabbat: The Citadel of Cairo. Geneva: The Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 1989.

Weblinks

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Vorlage:Wikidata-Registrierung

• Ciro Citadel, Monuments. auf egymonuments.gov.eg.

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Einzelnachweise

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