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Whippet (Hunderasse)

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{{#if: 10| {{#if: Vereinigtes Königreich| {{#if: | {{#if: Kleiner Englischer Windhund| {{#if: Rüde 47–51 cm
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{{#if: Whippet | Whippet | Whippet (Hunderasse) }}
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{{#if: 162| FCI-Standard Nr. 162 {{#if: | (vorläufig)}}| Nicht von der FCI anerkannt}}
  • Gruppe {{#switch:10
1 = 1: Hütehunde und Treibhunde (ohne Schweizer Sennenhunde) 2 = 2: Pinscher und SchnauzerMolossoideSchweizer Sennenhunde 3 = 3: Terrier 4 = 4: Dachshunde 5 = 5: Spitze und Hunde vom Urtyp 6 = 6: Laufhunde, Schweißhunde und verwandte Rassen 7 = 7: Vorstehhunde 8 = 8: ApportierhundeStöberhundeWasserhunde 9 = 9: Gesellschafts- und Begleithunde 10 = 10: Windhunde

}}}} {{#if: 3|

  • Sektion {{#switch:10-3
1-1 = 1: Schäferhunde 1-2 = 2: Treibhunde 2-1 = 1: Pinscher und Schnauzer 2-2 = 2: Molossoide 2-3 = 3: Schweizer Sennenhunde 2-4 = 4: Andere Rassen 3-1 = 1: Hochläufige Terrier 3-2 = 2: Niederläufige Terrier 3-3 = 3: Bullartige Terrier 3-4 = 4: Zwerg-Terrier 4-1 = 1: Dachshund 5-1 = 1: Nordische Schlittenhunde 5-2 = 2: Nordische Jagdhunde 5-3 = 3: Nordische Wach- und Hütehunde 5-4 = 4: Europäische Spitze 5-5 = 5: Asiatische Spitze und verwandte Rassen 5-6 = 6: Urtyp 5-7 = 7: Urtyp – Hunde zur jagdlichen Verwendung 5-8 = 8: Jagdhunde vom Urtyp mit einem Ridge auf dem Rücken 6-1 = 1: Laufhunde 6-2 = 2: Schweißhunde 6-3 = 3: Verwandte Rassen 7-1 = 1: Kontinentale Vorstehhunde 7-2 = 2: Britische und Irische Vorstehhunde 8-1 = 1: Apportierhunde 8-2 = 2: Stöberhunde 8-3 = 3: Wasserhunde 9-1 = 1: Bichons und verwandte Rassen 9-2 = 2: Pudel 9-3 = 3: Kleine belgische Hunderassen 9-4 = 4: Haarlose Hunde 9-5 = 5: Tibetanische Hunderassen 9-6 = 6: Chihuahueño 9-7 = 7: Englische Gesellschaftsspaniel 9-8 = 8: Japanische Spaniel und Pekinesen 9-9 = 9: Kontinentaler Zwergspaniel 9-10= 10: Kromfohrländer 9-11= 11: Kleine doggenartige Hunde 10-1= 1: Langhaarige oder befederte Windhunde 10-2= 2: Rauhaarige Windhunde 10-3= 3: Kurzhaarige Windhunde

}}}} {{#if: |

{{#switch:10-3-
2-1-1 = 1.1 Pinscher 2-1-2 = 1.2 Schnauzer 2-1-3 = 1.3 Smoushond 2-1-4 = 1.4 Russkiy Tchiorny Terrier 2-2-1 = 2.1 Doggenartige Hunde 2-2-2 = 2.2 Berghunde 6-1-1 = 1.1 Große Laufhunde 6-1-2 = 1.2 Mittelgroße Laufhunde 6-1-3 = 1.3 Kleine Laufhunde 7-1-1 = 1.1 Typ 'Braque' 7-1-2 = 1.2 Typ 'Spaniel' 7-1-3 = 1.3 Typ 'Griffon' 7-2-1 = 2.1 Pointer 7-2-2 = 2.2 Setter 9-1-1 = 1.1 Bichons 9-1-2 = 1.2 Coton de Tuléar 9-1-3 = 1.3 Petit chien lion 9-3-1 = 3.1 Griffons 9-3-2 = 3.2 Petit Brabançon

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  • {{#switch: ohne
ohne = Ohne Arbeitsprüfung mit = Mit Arbeitsprüfung fakultativ = Mit fakultativer Arbeitsprüfung

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Ursprung:

Vereinigtes Königreich }}

Patronat:

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Alternative Namen:

Kleiner Englischer Windhund }}

Widerristhöhe:

Rüde 47–51 cm
Hündin 44–47 cm }}

Gewicht:

nicht festgelegt }}

Varietäten:

}}

Zuchtstandards:

}}

Liste der Haushunde

{{#if:||{{#iferror: 1 * ({{#iferror: 1*10|0|10}} * {{#iferror: 1*162|0|162}} ) | |{{#switch:{{#iferror: 1*10|0|10}}|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10=[[Kategorie:FCI-Gruppe {{#iferror: 1*10|0|10}}]]}}{{#ifeq: ohne|mit|{{#switch: {{#iferror: 1*10|0|10}}| 1 | 2 | 3 = | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 = }}}}{{#ifeq: ohne|fakultativ|{{#switch: {{#iferror: 1*10|0|10}}| 1 | 2 | 3 = | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 = }}}}{{#if: |}}{{#switch: eu| eu = | af = | am = | as = | au = | #default= }}{{#if: Whippet bitch, 2,5 years old, Blue Brindle, Djuma Duchess of Fox For Manor.jpeg| |}}{{#if: |}}}}}}

Der Whippet ist eine von der FCI anerkannte britische Hunderasse (FCI-Gruppe 10, Sektion 3, Standard Nr. 162).

Herkunft und Geschichtliches

Hunde dieses Typs wurden im 19. Jahrhundert in Großbritannien – laut Überlieferung von englischen Bergleuten – zur Jagd auf Sicht auf Kaninchen eingesetzt. Um eine seriöse Zucht und das Verfassen des ersten Rassestandards bemühten sich einige kleinere Landadelige und mittlere Militärchargen, deren Verdienst besonders das Festigen eines bestimmten, leistungsfähigen und dennoch eleganten, ansprechenden Typs war. Dieser erste Standard wurde 1891 verfasst und geschützt, er existiert heute noch mit einigen eher geringfügigen Änderungen.

Whippets waren als Jagdhund beliebter als der Greyhound, da sie aufgrund ihrer geringen Größe weniger verletzungsanfällig, in der Erhaltung günstiger und natürlich auch billiger waren. Anfang des 20. Jh. wurde der Whippet dann auch bei Hunderennen eingesetzt, aus den Whippetrennen wurden jedoch niemals Profirennen wie beim Greyhound.

Beschreibung

Der Whippet ist ein auf Geschwindigkeit und Leistung optimierter mittelgroßer, bis 51 cm großer Windhund. Physisch entspricht er für den Laien einem kleinen Greyhound, soll sich aber im Exterieur deutlich von diesem unterscheiden. Die eingezogene Rute wird des Öfteren als Angst interpretiert, ist aber eine rassespezifische Eigenschaft: Sie ist die Verlängerung der Wirbelsäule und wird bei Windhundrassen aufgrund der Schräglage des Beckens in Ruhestellung bodenwärts und niemals waagerecht oder hocherhoben getragen – ausgenommen bei übermütigen Junghunden oder bei Aggressionen.

Whippets sind von der Konstitution trocken, haben also kein überflüssiges Fett und keine Wamme oder andere Hautfalten. Sie sind sensible Hunde mit starkem Willen. Auftretendes Zittern ist Ausdruck von intensiver Erregung. Sein Haar ist fein, kurz und anliegend in allen Farben. Kleine, rosenförmige Ohren runden das Gesamtbild ab. Der Whippet ist laut Originalstandard ein sportlicher, mit viel Muskelkraft ausgestatteter Hund, der aber immer Eleganz mitbringen und niemals derb wirken soll. Wegen seines angenehmen Wesens eignet er sich auch als Familienhund, dessen Jagdtrieb man aber nicht unterschätzen darf.

Der Whippet zählt wie die meisten Windhundrassen (insbesondere Greyhound, Magyar Agár, Saluki und Barsoi) zu den schnellsten Landtieren der Erde.

Verwendung

Neben dem Windhundsport ist der Whippet heutzutage in erster Linie ein Familienhund.

Wesen

Der Rassestandard der FCI beschreibt den Whippet als freundlichen, anhänglichen und ausgeglichenen Hund, der ein idealer Begleiter ist. 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Katharina von der Leyen beschreibt den Whippet als „wunderbar anpassungsfähigen Familienhund“ und betont, der Whippet sei „kinderlieb und wegen seiner geringen Masse von Kindern auch leicht zu handhaben“.<ref name="vdl_1999">Katharina von der Leyen: Charakterhunde – 140 Rassen und ihre Eigenschaften. BLV Verlag, München. 1999. S. 153.</ref> Als weitere Wesenszüge notiert sie, ein Whippet sei verglichen mit anderen insbesondere orientalischen Windhunderassen leicht zu erziehen, fremden Menschen gegenüber zurückhaltend und eigne sich nicht als Wachhund.<ref name="vdl_1999"/>

Gesundheit

Datei:MyostatinMutantWhippet.jpg
Ein Bully Whippet

Die Lebenserwartung des Whippets ist wie allgemein bei kleinen Hunden recht hoch; eine Studie fand 1999 bei einer Stichprobe von 14 Hunden dieser Rasse ein mittleres Todesalter von 14,3 ± 3,9 Jahren.<ref>A. R. Michell: Longevity of British breeds of dog and its relationships with sex, size, cardiovascular variables and disease. In: Veterinary Record. Bd. 145, Nr. 22, November 1999, {{#invoke:URIutil|{{#ifeq:1|1|linkISSN|targetISSN}}|0042-4900|0}}{{#ifeq:1|0|[!] }}{{#ifeq:0|1

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}}, S. 625–629, PMID 10619607, doi:10.1136/vr.145.22.625.</ref> 2010 kam eine Studie an einer größeren Anzahl Hunde (n = 374) zu einem mittleren Todesalter von 12,8 Jahren.<ref>V. J. Adams, K. M. Evans, J. Sampson, J. L. Wood: Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK. In: Journal of Small Animal Practice. Bd. 51, Nr. 10, Oktober 2010, {{#invoke:URIutil|{{#ifeq:1|1|linkISSN|targetISSN}}|1748-5827|0}}{{#ifeq:1|0|[!] }}{{#ifeq:0|1

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}}, S. 512–524, PMID 21029096, doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00974.x.</ref>

Der Whippet ist die einzige bekannte Hunderasse, bei der aufgrund einer Mutation des Myostatin-Gens eine erheblich größere Muskelmasse gebildet werden kann. Verschiedene Mutationen dieses Gens treten auch bei Mäusen, Schafen, mehreren Rinderrassen und dem Menschen auf. Betroffene Whippets sind als Bully Whippets bekannt und entsprechen wegen ihrer breiteren Brust und der starken Muskulatur, insbesondere am Nacken und an den Läufen, nicht dem Rassestandard. Abgesehen von einer stärkeren Veranlagung für Muskelkrämpfe und einem deutlichen Überbiss bei etwa der Hälfte der Tiere zeigen Bully Whippets keine gesundheitlichen Probleme.<ref name="Mosher">Dana S. Mosher et al.: A mutation in the myostatin gene increases muscle mass and enhances racing performance in heterozygote dogs. In: PLoS Genetics. 3, Nummer 5, 2007, e79, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030079. PMID 17530926. Online, abgerufen am 16. Dezember 2013.</ref>

Eine 2007 durchgeführte Studie konnte belegen, dass für den Gendefekt homozygote Individuen den Phänotyp des Bully Whippet zeigen. Heterozygote Tiere weisen durchschnittlich im Vergleich zu reinerbig gesunden Hunden eine ebenfalls größere Muskelmasse auf. Sie entsprechen jedoch dem Zuchtziel und erreichen im Wettkampf oft bessere Leistungen. Die Einordnung der untersuchten Hunde in Leistungsklassen führte zu der Erkenntnis, dass die Mutation bei Hunden mit guten Rennergebnissen am häufigsten und bei reinen Ausstellungshunden am seltensten auftritt.<ref>Elaine A. Ostrander: Genetics and the Shape of Dogs. In: American Scientist. Band 95, Nummer 5, September-Oktober 2007, S. 406–413, {{#invoke:URIutil|{{#ifeq:1|1|linkISSN|targetISSN}}|0003-0996|0}}{{#ifeq:1|0|[!] }}{{#ifeq:0|1

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}}. doi:10.1511/2007.67.3724.</ref> Bei der Untersuchung einer Gruppe von 146 Whippets, die ohne Rücksicht auf das Auftreten der Mutation in der Familie ausgewählt wurden und sowohl Wettkampfhunde als auch andere Tiere einschloss, wurden 2 homozygote Träger der Mutation, 20 heterozygote Träger und 124 reinerbig gesunde Hunde ermittelt.<ref name="Mosher" />

Bully Whippets unterscheiden sich bereits in den ersten Lebenswochen deutlich von ihren Wurfgeschwistern. Ob ein Whippet Träger der Mutation ist, kann durch einen Gentest festgestellt werden.<ref>Christina Julia Rabe: Katalogisierung von Phänotypen, Genotypen und Gentests molekulargenetisch charakterisierter Erbfehler beim Haushund (Canis familiaris). Dissertation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München 2009 Online PDF 2,1 MB, abgerufen am 16. Dezember 2013.</ref>

Literatur

  • Marianne Bunyan: Whippet. Der richtige Hund für Sie? Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2005, ISBN 3-8334-2507-5.
  • Marianne Bunyan: Whippets – einer ist nie genug! Eigenverlag, Köln 2003, ISBN 3-8330-0137-2.
  • Patsy Gilmour: Whippets Today. Ringpress, Letchworth 1994, ISBN 0-948955-59-7.
  • J. P. Moran-Healy: The Whippet. t.f.h. Kingdom, Waterlooville 2000, ISBN 1-85279-096-2.
  • Susanne Oschinski, Anne Catherine Müller-Hermann: Whippets. S. Oschinski, Höchst-Hummetroth 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-023302-9.

Weblinks

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[https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/318g05-de.pdf | 319 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/319g05-de.pdf | 320 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/320g07-de.pdf | 321 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/321g01-de.pdf | 322 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/322g06-de.pdf | 323 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/323g06-de.pdf | 324 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/324g06-de.pdf | 325 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/325g06-de.pdf | 326 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/326g01-en.pdf | 327 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/327g02-de.pdf | 328 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/328g02-de.pdf | 329 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/329g05-de.pdf | 330 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/330g07-de.pdf | 331 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/331g02-en.pdf | 332 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/332g01-de.pdf | 333 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/333g10-de.pdf | 334 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/334g05-de.pdf | 335 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/335g02-de.pdf | 336 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/336g08-de.pdf | 337 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/337g06-de.pdf | 338 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/338g05-de.pdf | 339 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/339g03-de.pdf | 340 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/340g02-de.pdf | 341 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/341g03-de.pdf | 342 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/342g01-de.pdf | 343 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/343g02-de.pdf | 344 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/344g05-de.pdf | 345 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/345g03-de.pdf | 346 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/346g02-de.pdf | 347 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/347g01-de.pdf | 348 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/348g05-de.pdf | 349 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/349g01-de.pdf | 350 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/350g01-de.pdf | 351 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/351g01-de.pdf | 352 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/352g09-de.pdf | 353 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/353g02-de.pdf | 354 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/354g06-de.pdf | 355 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/355g02-de.pdf | 356 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/356g02-de.pdf | 357 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/357g02-de.pdf | 358 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/358g05-de.pdf | 359 = [https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/359g03-de.pdf | 360 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/360g01-de.pdf | 361 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/361g06-en.pdf | 362 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/362g05-de.pdf | 363 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/363g09-en.pdf | 364 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/364g01-en.pdf | 365 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/365g05-en.pdf | 366 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/366g06-en.pdf | 367 = [https://www.fci.be/de/nomenclature/MINIATUR-AMERIKANISCHER-SCHAFERHUND-367.html | 368 = [https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/368g02-de.pdf | #default = [https://www.fci.be }} {{#if:|{{{Kurzform}}}]|Rassestandard Nr. 162 der FCI: {{#if:Whippet|Whippet|Whippet (Hunderasse)}}] (PDF)}}

Einzelnachweise

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