Strictosidin-Synthase
| {{#if: Strictosidin-Synthase (Rauvolfia serpentina) | Strictosidin-Synthase (Rauvolfia serpentina) | Strictosidin-Synthase }} | |||||||||||||
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| Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
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| Masse/Länge Primärstruktur | 322 Aminosäuren
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| Sekundär- bis Quartärstruktur | Monomer
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| {{#if:|Inhibitorklassifikation|{{#if:|Enzymklassifikationen|Enzymklassifikation}}}} | |||||||||||||
| EC, Kategorie | {{#if:4.3.3.2| 4.3.3.2}}{{#if: Lyase|, Lyase}} }} | ||||||||||||
| MEROPS | {{{Peptidase_fam}}}}} | ||||||||||||
| MEROPS | {{{Inhibitor_fam}}}}} | ||||||||||||
| Reaktionsart | Pictet-Spengler Kondensation
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| Substrat | Tryptamin und Secologanin
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| Produkte | Strictosidin und H2O
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{{#if:StrictosidineSynthase.png||}}
Strictosidin-Synthase ist ein pflanzliches Enzym, das die Mannich-artige Kondensation von Tryptamin und Secologanin nach Strictosidin katalysiert. Dies ist ein wichtiger Schritt in der Biosynthese der Indolalkaloide. Das Enzym ist in den Vakuolen der Wurzeln lokalisiert.<ref>{{#if: | | UniProt }} {{#if:|{{{titel}}}|P68175}}{{#if:|Vorlage:Abrufdatum}}</ref>
Der nächste Schritt im anabolischen Stoffwechselweg von Strictosidin ist die Deglykolysierung durch Strictosidin-Glucosidase und ergibt Cathenamin.<ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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Strictosidin-Synthase besitzt eine molekulare Masse von ungefähr 34 kDa und wurde erstmals 1979 aus Zellkulturen von in Catharanthus roseus isoliert und von Johannes Treimer und Meinhart Zenk an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum beschrieben.<ref name="Treimer1979">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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}}</ref> Seither wurde das Enzym auch aus anderen Pflanzen der Familie der Hundsgiftgewächse isoliert und das Enzym der Arten Catharanthus roseus, Rauvolfia serpentina<ref name="Kutchan1988">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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}}</ref> und Ophiorrhiza pumila<ref name="Yamazaki2003">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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}}</ref> wurde kloniert. Obwohl Strictosidin-Synthase eine hohe Substratspezifität<ref name="Treimer1979" /> und eine hohe Substrataffinität aufweist (KM von 2,3 mM für Tryptamin und 3,4 mM für Secologanin<ref name="Treimer1979" />), toleriert es verschieden substituiertes Tryptophan und Secologanin ebenfalls als Substrate.<ref name="OConnor2006">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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Das Enzym gehört in die Klassen der Amin-Lyasen (EC 4.3), welche Kohlenstoff-Stickstoff Bindungen synthetisieren. Das Enzym spielt in der Synthese der Indolalkaloide eine wichtige Rolle, da Strictosidin der Vorläufer von etwa 3000<ref name="Heijden2004">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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}}</ref> unterschiedlichen Indol-Terpen-Alkaloiden ist, darunter auch die beiden wichtigen Krebsmedikamente Vincristin und Vinblastin, das Malariamedikament Chinin, der Blutdrucksenker Reserpin und das Antiarrhythmikum Ajmalin.<ref name="Ma2006" />
2006 gelang es Forschern der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität in Mainz, die Struktur des Enzymes aus Rauvolfia serpentina aufzuklären. Dabei lösten die Forscher sowohl die Struktur des nativen<ref>PDB 2FP8, PDB 2FP9 und PDB 2FPC</ref> Pflanzenproteins als auch die Struktur eines mutierten<ref>PDB 2FPB</ref> Proteins.<ref name="Ma2006">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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}}</ref> Strukturell handelt es sich bei dem Enzym um einen Beta-Propeller mit einer sechsfachen pseudo-Symmetrieachse. Die sechs Untereinheiten bestehen aus vier antiparallelen Beta-Faltblättern. Das Protein kristallisiert als Dimer, ist jedoch als Monomer aktiv.<ref name="Ma2006" />
Einzelnachweise
<references />