Magical Negro
Der Magical Negro ist ein Typus in amerikanischen Büchern und Filmen. Dieser tritt als Helfer des Weißen Protagonisten auf.<ref name="time">Artikel von Christopher John Farley im Time Magazine (englisch)</ref> Diese Figuren verfügen oft über spezielle spirituelle Fähigkeiten, die dem Protagonisten fehlen und mit denen der Magical Negro ihm hilft.<ref name="race">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if: | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot }}
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}}</ref> Mitglieder der afro-amerikanischen Gemeinschaft in den Vereinigten Staaten sehen diese Figur mitunter als kritisch an.
Verwendung
In der Fiktion
Der Magical Negro wird oft so dargestellt, dass er körperlich oder aufgrund seiner Situation benachteiligt ist, z. B. als Gefangener.<ref name="Hicks">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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}}</ref> Er hat häufig keine Vergangenheit, sondern taucht einfach auf, um dem Hauptdarsteller zu helfen.<ref name="ejumpcut">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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}}</ref> Meistens verfügt er über magische Kräfte;<ref name="ejumpcut" /> er ist oft geduldig und weise.<ref name="strangehorizons" />
Meistens hilft der Magical Negro dem Protagonisten aus einer Notsituation, indem er auch diesen zur Selbstkritik bewegt.<ref name="strangehorizons" /> Kritiker werfen diesem Konzept vor, dass der Schwarze sich auch als Magical Negro immer noch dem Weißen unterordnet und auch meist nur als Ausnahmefigur unter den Schwarzen dargestellt wird.<ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if: | {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot | Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot }}
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Der schwarze Filmemacher Spike Lee äußerte sich 2001 kritisch gegenüber der Figur des Bagger Vance in Die Legende von Bagger Vance, da sie kein realistisches Bild von Schwarzen zeige.<ref>{{#if:|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:Rita Kempley|Rita Kempley: }}{{#if:|{{#if:Too Too Divine: Movies' 'Magic Negro' Saves the Day – but at the Cost of His Soul|[{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivURL|1={{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1={{{archiv-url}}}}}}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel=Too Too Divine: Movies' 'Magic Negro' Saves the Day – but at the Cost of His Soul}}]{{#if:| ({{{format}}})}}{{#if:| {{{titelerg}}}{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|Endpunkt|titel={{{titelerg}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:https://www.blackcommentator.com/49/49_magic.html%7C{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl%7Cfaculty%7C}}%7C{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle%7CTitelFormat%7Ctitel={{#invoke:WLink%7CgetEscapedTitle%7C1=Too Too Divine: Movies' 'Magic Negro' Saves the Day – but at the Cost of His Soul}}}}|[{{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=https://www.blackcommentator.com/49/49_magic.html}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=Too Too Divine: Movies' 'Magic Negro' Saves the Day – but at the Cost of His Soul}}}}]}}{{#if:| ({{{format}}}{{#if:2003-06-07{{#if: 2012-03-17 | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|}}||1}}}}
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Beispiele in Filmen und Serien
- Noah Cullen (Sidney Poitier) in Flucht in Ketten (1958)<ref name="strangehorizons" />
- Dick Hallorann (Scatman Crothers) in Shining (1980)<ref name="strangehorizons" />
- Apollo Creed (Carl Weathers) in Rocky III
- Oda Mae Brown (Whoopi Goldberg) in Ghost (1990)<ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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- Azeem (Morgan Freeman) in Robin Hood – König der Diebe (1991)
- Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue (Mykelti Williamson) in Forrest Gump (1994)
- Abigail Freemantle (Ruby Dee) in Stephen Kings The Stand – Das letzte Gefecht (1994)
- Lamont (Guy Torry) in American History X (1998)
- Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne) in Matrix (1999)
- John Coffey (Michael Clarke Duncan) in The Green Mile (1999)<ref>{{#if:|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:Larry Wilmore|Larry Wilmore: }}{{#if:|{{#if:The First 364 Days 23 Hours|[{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivURL|1={{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1={{{archiv-url}}}}}}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel=The First 364 Days 23 Hours}}]{{#if:| ({{{format}}})}}{{#if:| {{{titelerg}}}{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|Endpunkt|titel={{{titelerg}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/tue-january-19-2010/the-first-364-days-23-hours%7C{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl%7Cfaculty%7C}}%7C{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle%7CTitelFormat%7Ctitel={{#invoke:WLink%7CgetEscapedTitle%7C1=The First 364 Days 23 Hours}}}}|[{{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/tue-january-19-2010/the-first-364-days-23-hours}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=The First 364 Days 23 Hours}}}}]}}{{#if:| ({{{format}}}{{#if:2010-01-19{{#if: 2011-02-24 | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|}}||1}}}}
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(Suche im Internet Archive. ) {{#if: | {{#if: | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }} }}Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#switch: |no|0|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all = inline= url= |opt = datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Toter Link |format = |preview = 1 }}{{#if: https://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-ehrenstein19mar19,0,5335087.story?coll=la-opinion-center | {{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil|isWebURL|https://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-ehrenstein19mar19,0,5335087.story?coll=la-opinion-center}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if:{{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y|noerror=1}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#switch: |checked|deadurl|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}[https://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-ehrenstein19mar19,0,5335087.story?coll=la-opinion-center }} }}}}}}}}}}{{#if:| {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivBot|stamp={{{archiv-bot}}}|text={{#if:|Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot}}
}}}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all= url= titel= |opt= autor= hrsg= format= sprache= titelerg= werk= seiten= datum= abruf= zugriff= abruf-verborgen= archiv-url= archiv-datum= archiv-bot= kommentar= zitat= AT= CH= offline= |cat= {{#ifeq: 0 | 0 | Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Internetquelle}} |template= Vorlage:Internetquelle |format=0 |preview=1 }}</ref> Paul Shanklin schrieb daraufhin den Song Barack the Magic Negro, den Rush Limbaugh in seiner Radiosendung spielte.<ref>{{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
}}Vorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/NameVorlage:Cite book/Name{{#if: DeParle | {{#if: | , {{{coauthors}}}: | : }} | {{#if: | {{{coauthors}}}: }} }}{{#if: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/28/us/politics/28rnc.html?hp | Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#switch: | unfit | usurped = {{#if: G.O.P. Receives Obama Parody to Mixed Reviews | G.O.P. Receives Obama Parody to Mixed Reviews | ?}} }} | {{#if: G.O.P. Receives Obama Parody to Mixed Reviews | G.O.P. Receives Obama Parody to Mixed Reviews }} }}{{#if: | ( }}{{#if: | Originaltitel: {{{script-title}}} }}{{#if: | {{#if: | , }}deutsch: {{{trans-title}}} }}{{#if: | ) }}{{#if: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/28/us/politics/28rnc.html?hp | {{#switch: | unfit | usurped = | #default = {{#if: | ({{{format}}}) }}{{#if: New York Times | In: New York Times }} }} }}{{#if: | , {{{publisher}}} }}{{#if: 2008-12-28 | , {{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}} | 2008-12-28 }} }}{{#if: | , S. }}{{#if: | . {{{id}}} }}{{#if: | {{#ifeq: | 2008-12-28 | | . Abgerufen {{#if: Vorlage:Str match|am|im}} {{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}} | }} }} }}{{#switch: en |de |deutsch |= |#default= (english). }}{{#if: | „{{{quote}}}“ }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL {{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all = title= |opt = script-title= trans-title= author= authorlink= last= first= last1= first1= last2= first2= last3= first3= last4= first4= last5= first5= last6= first6= last7= first7= last8= first8= archivedate= archiveurl= archive-date= archive-url= url= url-status= language= format= work= newspaper= publisher= date= page= pages= id= accessdate= access-date= quote= author-link1= author-link2= author-link3=author-link4= author-link5= display-authors= author-mask= name-list-style= year= orig-year= script-title= trans-title= editor1-last= editor1-first= editor1-link= editor2-last= editor2-first= editor2-link= editor3-last= editor3-first= editor3-link= editor4-last= editor4-first= editor4-link= editor5-last= editor5-first= editor5-link= display-editors= department= type= series= volume= issue= others= edition= location= publication-date= agency= at= arxiv= asin= bibcode= doi= doi-broken-date= isbn= issn= jfm= jstor= lccn= mr= oclc= ol= osti= pmc= rfc= ssrn= zbl= via= postscript= ref= display-subjects= interviewer-given= interviewer-surname= orig-date= quote-page= quote-pages= sbn= script-quote= subject-mask= s2cid= s2cid-access= title-link= trans-quote= coauthors= offline= archivebot= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Cite news |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Cite news |format = |preview = 1 }}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: ({{#ifeq:DeParle|^^|0|1}}+{{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}+{{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}) > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:Jason|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:New York Times|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#ifexpr: {{#ifeq:^^|^^|0|1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1 | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}</ref> 2008 schickte Chip Saltsman, Politiker der Republikanischen Partei und Mitglied des Vorstandes der Tennessee Republican Party eine CD mit diesem Song an das Republican National Committee.<ref>{{#if:|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:Andy Barr|Andy Barr: }}{{#if:|{{#if:"'Magic Negro' flap might help Saltsman"|[{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivURL|1={{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1={{{archiv-url}}}}}}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel="'Magic Negro' flap might help Saltsman"}}]{{#if:| ({{{format}}})}}{{#if:| {{{titelerg}}}{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|Endpunkt|titel={{{titelerg}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1208/16919.html%7C{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl%7Cfaculty%7C}}%7C{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle%7CTitelFormat%7Ctitel={{#invoke:WLink%7CgetEscapedTitle%7C1="'Magic Negro' flap might help Saltsman"}}}}|[{{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1208/16919.html}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|1="'Magic Negro' flap might help Saltsman"}}}}]}}{{#if:| ({{{format}}}{{#if:www.politico.com2008-12-30{{#if: 2009-02-01 | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|}}||1}}}} | ) | {{#if:{{#ifeq:de|de||{{#if:|1}}}}| ; 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}}}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all= url= titel= |opt= autor= hrsg= format= sprache= titelerg= werk= seiten= datum= abruf= zugriff= abruf-verborgen= archiv-url= archiv-datum= archiv-bot= kommentar= zitat= AT= CH= offline= |cat= {{#ifeq: 0 | 0 | Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Internetquelle}} |template= Vorlage:Internetquelle |format=0 |preview=1 }}</ref> Dies löste eine Kontroverse aus, die zum Rücktritt Saltsmans führte.<ref name="HuffingtonPost_Stein_20090129">{{#if: | [[{{{authorlink}}}|Vorlage:Cite book/Name]] | Vorlage:Cite book/Name
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2012 wurde in einem Essay des Time Magazine über Präsident Obamas Wiederwahl argumentiert: „Die Verwendung der Begriffe ‚Magical‘ im Zusammenhang mit erstklassigen Leistungen Schwarzer suggerierte, dass hinter einer großartigen Leistung nur Magie stecken könne.“<ref>[Read more: https://ideas.time.com/2012/09/26/the-magical-negro-falls-to-earth/#ixzz2D93CK53p Time: The Magical Negro falls to Earth]</ref>
Siehe auch
Einzelnachweise
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Weblinks
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|0|=Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#if: http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback | {{#if: | [17] }} (Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}. Suche im Internet Archive ){{#if: | {{#if: deadurlausgeblendet | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }} }} | (Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|#default=dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}.) }}{{#switch: |no|0|= |#default={{#if: || }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |opt = inline= url= text= datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Toter Link |format = |preview = 1 }}{{#if: http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback | {{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil|isWebURL|http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback}} || {{#if: || }} }} | {{#if: | {{#if: || }} | {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if:{{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y|noerror=1}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#switch: deadurl |checked|deadurl|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}|#default= https://wiki-de.moshellshocker.dns64.de/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Defekte_Weblinks&dwl=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback Die nachstehende Seite ist {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar]{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}. (Suche im Internet Archive. ) {{#if: | {{#if: deadurlausgeblendet | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }} }}Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#switch: |no|0|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all = inline= url= |opt = datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Toter Link |format = |preview = 1 }}{{#if: http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback | {{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil|isWebURL|http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if:{{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y|noerror=1}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#switch: deadurl |checked|deadurl|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}[http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback }}|{{#switch: |0|=Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#if: http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback | {{#if: | [18] }} (Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}. Suche im Internet Archive ){{#if: | {{#if: | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }} }} | (Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|#default=dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}.) }}{{#switch: |no|0|= |#default={{#if: || }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |opt = inline= url= text= datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Toter Link |format = |preview = 1 }}{{#if: http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback | {{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil|isWebURL|http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback}} || {{#if: || }} }} | {{#if: | {{#if: || }} | {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if:{{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y|noerror=1}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#switch: |checked|deadurl|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}|#default= https://wiki-de.moshellshocker.dns64.de/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Defekte_Weblinks&dwl=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback Die nachstehende Seite ist {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar]{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}. (Suche im Internet Archive. ) {{#if: | {{#if: | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }} }}Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#switch: |no|0|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all = inline= url= |opt = datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Toter Link |format = |preview = 1 }}{{#if: http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback | {{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil|isWebURL|http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if:{{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y|noerror=1}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#switch: |checked|deadurl|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}[http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220766/numinous-negro/flashback }} }}}}}}}}}}{{#if:| {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivBot|stamp={{{archiv-bot}}}|text={{#if:|Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot}}
}}}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all= url= titel= |opt= autor= hrsg= format= sprache= titelerg= werk= seiten= datum= abruf= zugriff= abruf-verborgen= archiv-url= archiv-datum= archiv-bot= kommentar= zitat= AT= CH= offline= |cat= {{#ifeq: 0 | 0 | Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Internetquelle}} |template= Vorlage:Internetquelle |format=0 |preview=1 }}
Kategorien:
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:URL
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:Linktext
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:Datum
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:"
- Wikipedia:Weblink offline fix-attempted
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link/URL fehlt
- Literarischer Typus