Hazara-Virus
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{{#if: Riboviria<ref><templatestyles src="Webarchiv/styles.css" />{{#if:20190330100806
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{{#if: Orthornavirae<ref name="ICTV_MSL#35_Akabane">ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus, EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL #35)</ref> |
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Im Jahr 1954 wurde das Hazara-Virus (Spezies wissenschaftlich: {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}) als eines der durch Zecken übertragenen Viren der Gattung Orthonairovirus in der Ordnung Bunyavirales entdeckt. Man fand es in Pakistan in Zecken der Art Ixodes, die in dieser Region heimisch sind.<ref name="oxfordjournals1">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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}}</ref> Man unterscheidet in dieser Spezies neben dem ursprünglichen Hazara-Virus (en. Hazara virus, HAZV) noch das Tofla-Virus ({{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|full|CODE=en|SCRIPTING=Latn|SERVICE=englisch}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}, TFLV).<ref>NCBI: Tofla virus</ref> Heute wird dieses Virus an Mäusen untersucht, um Therapien für das hoch pathogene Krim-Kongo-Fieber-Virus zu entwickeln.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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Aufbau
Die Viren gehören zu den umhüllten negativsträngigen RNA-Viren; ihr Genom ist in drei Teile aufgeteilt: Klein ({{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|full|CODE=en|SCRIPTING=Latn|SERVICE=englisch}}, S), Mittel ({{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|full|CODE=en|SCRIPTING=Latn|SERVICE=englisch}}, M) und Groß ({{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|full|CODE=en|SCRIPTING=Latn|SERVICE=englisch}}, L). Das L-RNA-Segment kodiert für eine RNA-abhängige RNA-Polymerase (L-Protein), das M-RNA-Segment für zwei Oberflächenglykoproteine (Gc und Gn) und das S-RNA-Segment für ein Nukleocapsidprotein (N).<ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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Die drei genomischen RNA-Segmente werden von Kopien des N-Proteins in Form von Ribonukleoprotein-Komplexen (RNP-Komplexen) eingekapselt.<ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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Das N-Protein ist das am häufigsten vorkommende Virusprotein bei den Viruspartikeln der Bunyavirales und den infizierten Zellen und daher das Hauptziel in vielen serologischen und molekularen Diagnosen.<ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
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|template = Vorlage:Cite journal
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}}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: Veterinary Microbiology
|| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
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| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:Bilk|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Vorlage:Literatur|f}}{{#if:
| {{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot
| Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot
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}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
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}}Vorlage:Cite book/URL{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: | Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung }}{{#if: PLoS ONE
|| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}{{#if: Vorlage:Cite book/ParamBool
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung2{{#ifexpr: 0{{#ifeq:Bréard|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}}{{#ifeq:^^|^^||+1}} > 1
| Vorlage:Cite book/Meldung
}}</ref>
Krim-Kongo-Fieber-Virus
{{#if: Krim-Kongo-Hämorrhagisches-Fieber-Virus|{{#ifexist:Krim-Kongo-Hämorrhagisches-Fieber-Virus|
|{{#if: |{{#ifexist:{{{2}}}|
|{{#if: |{{#ifexist:{{{3}}}|
|}}|}}|}}|}}|}}|Einbindungsfehler: Die Vorlage Hauptartikel benötigt immer mindestens ein Argument.}}
Das Krim-Kongo-Fieber-Virus (Krim-Kongo-Hämorrhagisches-Fieber-Virus, CCHFV), früher als nächster Verwandter des HAZV gehandelt, gehört zur Spezies Krim-Kongo-Hämorrhagisches-Fieber-Orthonairovirus der gleichen Gattung.
Systematik
Die Aufteilung in verschiedene Spezies folgt dem ICTV mit Stand 1. April 2024 (auszugsweise):<ref name="ICTV_Tax">ICTV: Taxonomy Browser.</ref><ref name="ICTV_VMR">ICTV: Virus Metadata Resource (VMR).</ref>
Gattung Orthonairovirus
- Spezies Orthonairovirus haemorrhagiae mit Krim-Kongo-Hämorrhagisches-Fieber-Orthonairovirus (en. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus)
- Krim-Kongo-Fieber-Virus, (en. {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}, CCHFV oder CCFV)
- Spezies Orthonairovirus hazaraense
- Hazara-Virus (en. {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}, HAZV)
- Spezies Orthonairovirus japonicum
- Tofla-Virus (en. {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}, TFLV)
- Spezies Orthonairovirus nairobiense
- Nairobi-Schafkrankheit-Virus (en. {{#invoke:Vorlage:lang|flat}}, NSDV, inklusive Ganjam-Virus)
- Spezies Orthonairovirus qalyubense
- …
Einzelnachweise
<references />