Bob Gray (Bassa)
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Leben
Das überwiegend im Grand Bassa County der Republik Liberia lebende Volk der Bassa gehört neben den Kru zu den Völkern, die als erste und am intensivsten mit den europäischen Entdeckern, Seeleuten, Händlern und späteren Sklavenaufkäufern in engen Kontakt traten. Um die Wende zum 19. Jahrhundert waren die Bassa-Könige als einflussreiche Vermittler und Zwischenhändler im Sklaven-, Gold- und Elfenbeinhandel tätig.<ref>{{#if:|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:Anthony Morgan Jr.|Anthony Morgan Jr.: }}{{#if:|{{#if:Kru Wars: Southeastern Revolt in 19th to Early 20th Century Liberia|[{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivURL|1={{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1={{{archiv-url}}}}}}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel=Kru Wars: Southeastern Revolt in 19th to Early 20th Century Liberia}}]{{#if:| ({{{format}}})}}{{#if:| {{{titelerg}}}{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|Endpunkt|titel={{{titelerg}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:http://mnyenpan18.blogspot.com/2011/01/kru-wars-southeastern-revolt-in-19th-to.html%7C{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl%7Cfaculty%7C}}%7C{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle%7CTitelFormat%7Ctitel={{#invoke:WLink%7CgetEscapedTitle%7C1=Kru Wars: Southeastern Revolt in 19th to Early 20th Century Liberia}}}}|[{{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=http://mnyenpan18.blogspot.com/2011/01/kru-wars-southeastern-revolt-in-19th-to.html}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=Kru Wars: Southeastern Revolt in 19th to Early 20th Century Liberia}}}}]}}{{#if:| ({{{format}}}{{#if:2011-01-06{{#if: 2011-02-01 | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|}}||1}}}}
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Um das Jahr 1830 begannen die New York City Colonization Society und die Pennsylvania Colonization Societies an der Mündung des Saint John River mit dem dort lebenden Bassa-König Kadasie über den Verkauf von Land zu verhandeln. Der von den Siedlern später vereinfachend Chief Bob Gray genannte König war Gebieter über etwa 6.000 Krieger und den Siedlern zugetan, er gestattete zunächst die Gründung der Kolonien Edina bei dem Bassa-Fischerdorf Dyabian-win und Port Cresson im Jahr 1832. Während Bob Gray von der Zusammenarbeit mit den Siedlern profitierte, rebellierten mehrere Nachbarkönige und griffen zu den Waffen. Der noch im Aufbau befindliche Ort Port Cresson wurde zerstört und die Siedler flohen nach Edina, wo sie von Bob Gray Schutz erhofften. Nachdem weitere Siedler aus den USA eingetroffen waren, gelang es in einem zweiten Versuch die Bassa Cove Colony auf den Ruinen von Port Cesson zu gründen. Bob Gray war zudem ein Förderer der Ausbildung seiner Bassa. Er ermöglichte die Gründung der ersten Missionsschule in Edina.<ref>{{#if:2004-10-11|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:Syrulwa Somah|Syrulwa Somah: }}{{#if:https://web.archive.org/web/20041011122950/http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html%7C{{#if:The Role of the Bassa in Reshaping Liberia|[{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivURL|1={{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=https://web.archive.org/web/20041011122950/http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html}}}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel=The Role of the Bassa in Reshaping Liberia}}]{{#if:| ({{{format}}})}}{{#if:| {{{titelerg}}}{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|Endpunkt|titel={{{titelerg}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html%7C{{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl%7Cfaculty%7Cja}}%7C{{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle%7CTitelFormat%7Ctitel={{#invoke:WLink%7CgetEscapedTitle%7C1=The Role of the Bassa in Reshaping Liberia}}}}|[{{#invoke:URLutil|getNormalized|1=http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html}} {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|TitelFormat|titel={{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|1=The Role of the Bassa in Reshaping Liberia}}}}]}}{{#if:| ({{{format}}}{{#if:jaUnited Bassa Organizations in the Americas2004-05-28https://web.archive.org/web/20041011122950/http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html{{#if: 2022-08-19 | {{#if:{{#invoke:TemplUtl|faculty|ja}}||1}}}}
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|0|=Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#if: http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html | {{#if: | [5] }} (Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}. Suche im Internet Archive ){{#if: | {{#if: deadurlausgeblendet | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }} }} | (Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|#default=dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}.) }}{{#switch: |no|0|= |#default={{#if: || }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |opt = inline= url= text= datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Toter Link |format = |preview = 1 }}{{#if: http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html | {{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil|isWebURL|http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html}} || {{#if: || }} }} | {{#if: | {{#if: || }} | {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if:{{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y|noerror=1}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#switch: deadurl |checked|deadurl|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}|#default= https://wiki-de.moshellshocker.dns64.de/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Defekte_Weblinks&dwl=http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html Die nachstehende Seite ist {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar]{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}. (Suche im Internet Archive. ) {{#if: | {{#if: deadurlausgeblendet | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }} }}Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#switch: |no|0|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all = inline= url= |opt = datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Toter Link |format = |preview = 1 }}{{#if: http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html | {{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil|isWebURL|http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if:{{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y|noerror=1}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#switch: deadurl |checked|deadurl|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}[http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html }}|{{#switch: |0|=Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#if: http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html | {{#if: | [6] }} (Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}. Suche im Internet Archive ){{#if: | {{#if: | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }} }} | (Seite {{#switch:|no|0|=|#default=dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}.) }}{{#switch: |no|0|= |#default={{#if: || }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |opt = inline= url= text= datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Toter Link |format = |preview = 1 }}{{#if: http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html | {{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil|isWebURL|http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html}} || {{#if: || }} }} | {{#if: | {{#if: || }} | {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if:{{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y|noerror=1}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#switch: |checked|deadurl|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}|#default= https://wiki-de.moshellshocker.dns64.de/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Defekte_Weblinks&dwl=http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html Die nachstehende Seite ist {{#switch:|no|0|=|dauerhaft }}nicht mehr abrufbar]{{#if: | , festgestellt im {{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y}} }}. (Suche im Internet Archive. ) {{#if: | {{#if: | | Vorlage:Toter Link/archivebot }} }}Vorlage:Toter Link/Core{{#switch: |no|0|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all = inline= url= |opt = datum= date= archivebot= bot= botlauf= fix-attempted= checked= |cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link |errNS = 0 |template = Vorlage:Toter Link |format = |preview = 1 }}{{#if: http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html | {{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil|isWebURL|http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#if: | {{#if:{{#invoke:DateTime|format||F Y|noerror=1}} || {{#if: || }} }} }}{{#switch: |checked|deadurl|= |#default= {{#if: || }} }}[http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html }} }}}}}}}}}}{{#if:| {{#invoke:Vorlage:Internetquelle|archivBot|stamp={{{archiv-bot}}}|text={{#if:https://web.archive.org/web/20041011122950/http://www.uniboa.org/reshaping.html%7CVorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot}}
}}}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check |all= url= titel= |opt= autor= hrsg= format= sprache= titelerg= werk= seiten= datum= abruf= zugriff= abruf-verborgen= archiv-url= archiv-datum= archiv-bot= kommentar= zitat= AT= CH= offline= |cat= {{#ifeq: 0 | 0 | Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Internetquelle}} |template= Vorlage:Internetquelle |format=0 |preview=1 }}</ref>
Ehrung
Aus Dank für seine Hilfe beim Aufbau der Stadt Edina und der Kolonie Bassa Cove errichteten die Siedler von Edina für Bob Gray ein Denkmal, das noch immer erhalten ist.<ref><templatestyles src="Webarchiv/styles.css" />{{#if:20161014150509
| {{#ifeq: 20161014150509 | *
| {{#if: Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers | {{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers}} | {{#invoke:Webarchiv|getdomain|http://www.panoramio.com/photo/34672669}} }} (Archivversionen)
| {{#iferror: {{#time: j. F Y|20161014150509}}
| {{#if: || }}Der Wert des Parameters {{#if: wayback | wayback | Datum }} muss ein gültiger Zeitstempel der Form YYYYMMDDHHMMSS sein!
| {{#if: Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers | {{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers}} | {{#invoke:Webarchiv|getdomain|http://www.panoramio.com/photo/34672669}} }} {{#ifeq: | [] | [ | ( }}{{#if: {{#if: | {{{archiv-bot}}} | }} | des Vorlage:Referrer }} vom {{#time: j. F Y|20161014150509}} im Internet Archive{{#if: ursprünglich auf Panoramio | ; ursprünglich auf Panoramio }}{{#ifeq: | [] | ] | ) }}
}}
}}
| {{#if:
| {{#iferror: {{#time: j. F Y|{{{webciteID}}}}}
| {{#switch: {{#invoke:Str|len|{{{webciteID}}}}}
| 16= {{#if: Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers | {{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers}} | {{#invoke:Webarchiv|getdomain|http://www.panoramio.com/photo/34672669}} }} {{#ifeq: | [] | [ | ( }}{{#if: {{#if: | {{{archiv-bot}}} | }} | des Vorlage:Referrer }} vom {{#time: j. F Y| 19700101000000 + {{#expr: floor {{#expr: {{#invoke:Str|sub|{{{webciteID}}}|1|10}}/86400}} }} days}} auf WebCite{{#if: ursprünglich auf Panoramio | ; ursprünglich auf Panoramio }}{{#ifeq: | [] | ] | ) }}
| 9 = {{#if: Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers | {{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers}} | {{#invoke:Webarchiv|getdomain|http://www.panoramio.com/photo/34672669}} }} {{#ifeq: | [] | [ | ( }}{{#if: {{#if: | {{{archiv-bot}}} | }} | des Vorlage:Referrer}} vom {{#time: j. F Y| 19700101000000 + {{#expr: floor {{#expr: {{#invoke:Str|sub|{{#invoke:Expr|base62|{{{webciteID}}}}}|1|10}}/86400}} }} days}} auf WebCite{{#if: ursprünglich auf Panoramio | ; ursprünglich auf Panoramio }}{{#ifeq: | [] | ] | ) }}
| #default= Der Wert des Parameters {{#if: webciteID | webciteID | ID }} muss entweder ein Zeitstempel der Form YYYYMMDDHHMMSS oder ein Schüsselwert mit 9 Zeichen oder eine 16-stellige Zahl sein!{{#if: || }}
}}
| c|{{{webciteID}}}}} {{#if: Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers | {{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers}} | {{#invoke:Webarchiv|getdomain|http://www.panoramio.com/photo/34672669}} }} ({{#if: {{#if: | {{{archiv-bot}}} | }} | des Vorlage:Referrer}} vom {{#time: j. F Y|{{{webciteID}}}}} auf WebCite{{#if: ursprünglich auf Panoramio | ; ursprünglich auf Panoramio }}{{#ifeq: | [] | ] | ) }}
}}
| {{#if:
| Vorlage:Webarchiv/Today
| {{#if:
| Vorlage:Webarchiv/Generisch
| {{#if: Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers | {{#invoke:WLink|getEscapedTitle|Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers}} | {{#invoke:Webarchiv|getdomain|http://www.panoramio.com/photo/34672669}} }}
}}}}}}}}{{#if:
| Vorlage:Webarchiv/archiv-bot
}}{{#invoke:TemplatePar|check
|all = url=
|opt = text= wayback= webciteID= archive-is= archive-today= archiv-url= archiv-datum= ()= archiv-bot= format= original=
|cat = Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Webarchiv
|errNS = 0
|template = Vorlage:Webarchiv
|format = *
|preview = 1
}}{{#ifexpr: {{#if:20161014150509|1|0}}{{#if:|+1}}{{#if:|+1}}{{#if:|+1}}{{#if:|+1}} <> 1
| {{#if: || }}{{#invoke:TemplUtl|failure| Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Genau einer der Parameter 'wayback', 'webciteID', 'archive-today', 'archive-is' oder 'archiv-url' muss angegeben werden.|1}}
}}{{#if:
| {{#switch: {{#invoke:Webarchiv|getdomain|{{{archiv-url}}}}}
| web.archive.org =
{{#if: || }}{{#invoke:TemplUtl|failure| Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Im Parameter 'archiv-url' wurde URL von Internet Archive erkannt, bitte Parameter 'wayback' benutzen.|1}}
| webcitation.org =
{{#if: || }}{{#invoke:TemplUtl|failure| Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Im Parameter 'archiv-url' wurde URL von WebCite erkannt, bitte Parameter 'webciteID' benutzen.|1}}
| archive.today |archive.is |archive.ph |archive.fo |archive.li |archive.md |archive.vn =
{{#if: || }}{{#invoke:TemplUtl|failure| Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Im Parameter 'archiv-url' wurde URL von archive.today erkannt, bitte Parameter 'archive-today' benutzen.|1}}
}}{{#if:
| {{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}
| {{#if: || }}{{#invoke:TemplUtl|failure| Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Der Wert des Parameter 'archiv-datum' ist ungültig oder hat ein ungültiges Format.|1}}
| }}
| {{#if: || }}{{#invoke:TemplUtl|failure| Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Der Pflichtparameter 'archiv-datum' wurde nicht angegeben.|1}}
}}
| {{#if:
| {{#if: || }}{{#invoke:TemplUtl|failure| Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Der Parameter 'archiv-datum' ist nur in Verbindung mit 'archiv-url' angebbar.|1}}
}}
}}{{#if:{{#invoke:URLutil|isHostPathResource|http://www.panoramio.com/photo/34672669}}
|| {{#if: || }}
}}{{#if: Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers
| {{#if: {{#invoke:WLink|isBracketedLink|Edina, Grand Bassa, Liberia: Monument to Chief Bob Gray & Founding Fathers}}
| {{#if: || }}
}}
| {{#if: || }}
}}{{#switch: ursprünglich auf Panoramio
|addlarchives|addlpages= {{#if: || }}{{#if: 1 |}}{{#invoke:TemplUtl|failure| Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: enWP-Wert im Parameter 'format'.|1}}
}}{{#ifeq: {{#invoke:Str|find|http://www.panoramio.com/photo/34672669%7Carchiv}} |-1
|| {{#ifeq: {{#invoke:Str|find|{{#invoke:Str|cropleft|http://www.panoramio.com/photo/34672669%7C4}}%7Chttp}} |-1
|| {{#switch: {{#invoke:Webarchiv|getdomain|http://www.panoramio.com/photo/34672669 }}
| abendblatt.de | daserste.ndr.de | inarchive.com | webcitation.org =
| #default = {{#if: || }}{{#if: 1 |}}{{#invoke:TemplUtl|failure| Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Archiv-URL im Parameter 'url' anstatt URL der Originalquelle. Entferne den vor der Original-URL stehenden Mementobestandteil und setze den Archivierungszeitstempel in den Parameter 'wayback', 'webciteID', 'archive.today' oder 'archive-is' ein, sofern nicht bereits befüllt.|1}}
}}
}}
}}</ref>
Einzelnachweise
<references />
{{#if: Gray, Bob | {{#if: King Kadasie (Herrschername) | {{#if: Herrscher in Westafrika | {{#if: 18. Jahrhundert | {{#if: Grand Bassa | {{#if: 19. Jahrhundert | {{#if: Edina || Personendaten | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gray, Bob
}} |
| ALTERNATIVNAMEN | King Kadasie (Herrschername)
}} |
| KURZBESCHREIBUNG | Herrscher in Westafrika
}} |
| GEBURTSDATUM | 18. Jahrhundert
}} |
| GEBURTSORT | Grand Bassa
}} |
| STERBEDATUM | 19. Jahrhundert
}} |
| STERBEORT | Edina
}} |
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:URL
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:Linktext
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Parameter:Datum
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:"
- Wikipedia:Weblink offline fix-attempted
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Toter Link/URL fehlt
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Webarchiv
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Webarchiv/Archiv-URL
- Wikipedia:Vorlagenfehler/Vorlage:Webarchiv/Linktext fehlt
- Herrscher (Westafrika)
- Liberianer
- Geschichte (Liberia)
- Geboren im 18. Jahrhundert
- Gestorben im 19. Jahrhundert
- Mann