Caponiidae
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| Caponiidae | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Datei:Caponia sp, Little Eden.jpg
Caponia sp. | ||||||||||||
| Systematik | ||||||||||||
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| Wissenschaftlicher Name der Überfamilie | ||||||||||||
| Caponioidea | ||||||||||||
| ??? | ||||||||||||
| Wissenschaftlicher Name der Familie | ||||||||||||
| Caponiidae | ||||||||||||
| Simon, 1890 |
Die Caponiidae sind die einzige Familie der Caponioidea innerhalb der Echten Webspinnen. Sie umfassen 15 Gattungen und 98 Arten.<ref name="WSC" /> (Stand: Juni 2016)
Die Spinnen dieser Familie sind hauptsächlich im Südwesten Nordamerikas und in Südamerika verbreitet. Einige Arten sind Afrika beheimatet.
Beschreibung
Neun Gattungen haben nur noch zwei Augen, diese Spinnen werden daher im Englischen Two-Eyed-Spiders genannt. Die Vertreter der Gattung Caponia haben noch 8 Augen, die Nopsida-Arten haben 4 Augen. Während viele andere Angehörige der Echten Webspinnen ihre vorderen Mittelaugen in ihrer evolutionären Entwicklung bereits früh reduziert haben, ist bei den meisten Caponiidae gerade dieses Paar vorderer Mittelaugen noch vorhanden und meist besonders groß. Ein weiteres ungewöhnliches Merkmal der Familie ist das Fehlen der Buchlunge. Angehörige der Caponiidae besitzen je ein Paar Röhren- und Siebtracheen.
Verhalten und Lebensweise
Über ihre Beute und Lebensgewohnheiten ist wenig bekannt. Die ecribellaten Spinnen der Gattungen Orthonops und Tarsonops spinnen seidene Zellen unter Felsen und Steinen in ariden Lebensräumen, die sie während der Nacht verlassen, um zu jagen. Willis John Gertsch berichtet, sie wären öfter in den gemeinschaftlichen Geweben sozialer Spinnen zu finden.<ref name="Gertsch" />
Systematik und Verbreitung
Der World Spider Catalog listet für die Caponiidae aktuell 15 Gattungen und 98 Arten.<ref name="WSC" /> (Stand: Juni 2016)
- Calponia <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1993
- Calponia harrisonfordi <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1993
- Caponia <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Simon, 1887
- Caponia abyssinica <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Strand, 1908
- Caponia braunsi <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Purcell, 1904
- Caponia capensis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Purcell, 1904
- Caponia chelifera <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Lessert, 1936
- Caponia forficifera <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Purcell, 1904
- Caponia hastifera <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Purcell, 1904
- Caponia karrooica <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Purcell, 1904
- Caponia natalensis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874)
- Caponia secunda <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Pocock, 1900
- Caponia simoni <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Purcell, 1904
- Caponia spiralifera <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Purcell, 1904
- Caponina <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Simon, 1891
- Caponina alegre <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Caponina cajabamba <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Caponina chilensis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Caponina chinacota <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Caponina longipes <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Simon, 1893
- Caponina notabilis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />(Mello-Leitão, 1939)
- Caponina papamanga <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Brescovit & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2013
- Caponina paramo <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Caponina pelegrina <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Bryant, 1940
- Caponina sargi <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899
- Caponina testacea <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Simon, 1891
- Caponina tijuca <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Cubanops <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Platnick & Dupérré, 2010
- Cubanops alayoni <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Platnick & Dupérré, 2010
- Cubanops andersoni <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Platnick & Dupérré, 2010
- Cubanops armasi <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Platnick & Dupérré, 2010
- Cubanops bimini <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Platnick & Dupérré, 2010
- Cubanops darlingtoni <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />(Bryant, 1948)
- Cubanops granpiedra <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Platnick & Dupérré, 2010
- Cubanops juragua <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Platnick & Dupérré, 2010
- Cubanops ludovicorum <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />(Alayón, 1976)
- Cubanops luquillo <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Brescovit & Alayón, 2015
- Cubanops terueli <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Platnick & Dupérré, 2010
- Cubanops tortuguilla <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Platnick & Dupérré, 2010
- Cubanops vega <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Platnick & Dupérré, 2010
- Diploglena <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Purcell, 1904
- Diploglena arida <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Haddad, 2015
- Diploglena capensis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Purcell, 1904
- Diploglena dippenaarae <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Haddad, 2015
- Diploglena karooica <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Haddad, 2015
- Diploglena major <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Lawrence, 1928
- Diploglena proxila <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Haddad, 2015
- Iraponia <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Kranz-Baltensperger, Platnick & Dupérré, 2009
- Iraponia scutata <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Kranz-Baltensperger, Platnick & Dupérré, 2009
- Laoponia <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick & Jäger, 2008
- Laoponia pseudosaetosa <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Liu, Li & Pham, 2010
- Nops <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />MacLeay, 1839
- Nops agnarssoni <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Brescovit & Alayón, 2015
- Nops anisitsi <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Strand, 1909
- Nops bellulus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chamberlin, 1916
- Nops blandus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />(Bryant, 1942)
- Nops branicki <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />(Taczanowski, 1874)
- Nops cesari <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Dupérré, 2014
- Nops coccineus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Simon, 1891
- Nops craneae <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chickering, 1967
- Nops enae <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, 2004
- Nops ernestoi <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, 2005
- Nops farhati <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Prosen, 1949
- Nops finisfurvus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Brescovit & Alayón, 2015
- Nops flutillus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chickering, 1967
- Nops gertschi <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chickering, 1967
- Nops glaucus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Hasselt, 1887
- Nops guanabacoae <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />MacLeay, 1839
- Nops hispaniola <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, Brescovit & Alayón, 2015
- Nops largus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chickering, 1967
- Nops maculatus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Simon, 1893
- Nops mathani <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Simon, 1893
- Nops meridionalis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Keyserling, 1891
- Nops nitidus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Simon, 1907
- Nops proseni <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Birabén, 1954
- Nops quito <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Dupérré, 2014
- Nops siboney <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, 2004
- Nops simla <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chickering, 1967
- Nops sublaevis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Simon, 1893
- Nops toballus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chickering, 1967
- Nops ursumus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chickering, 1967
- Nops variabilis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Keyserling, 1877
- Nops virginicus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz, 2010
- Nopsides <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chamberlin, 1924
- Nopsides ceralbonus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chamberlin, 1924
- Notnops <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Notnops calderoni <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Nyetnops <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick & Lise, 2007
- Nyetnops guarani <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick & Lise, 2007
- Orthonops <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chamberlin, 1924
- Orthonops gertschi <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chamberlin, 1928
- Orthonops giulianii <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1995
- Orthonops icenoglei <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1995
- Orthonops iviei <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1995
- Orthonops johnsoni <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1995
- Orthonops lapanus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940
- Orthonops ovalis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />(Banks, 1898)
- Orthonops overtus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chamberlin, 1924
- Orthonops zebra <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1995
- Taintnops <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Taintnops goloboffi <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Tarsonops <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chamberlin, 1924
- Tarsonops ariguanabo <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />(Alayón, 1986)
- Tarsonops clavis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chamberlin, 1924
- Tarsonops coronilla <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2015
- Tarsonops irataylori <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Bond & Taylor, 2013
- Tarsonops sectipes <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chamberlin, 1924
- Tarsonops sternalis <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />(Banks, 1898)
- Tarsonops systematicus <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Chamberlin, 1924
- Tisentnops <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />Platnick, 1994
- Tisentnops leopoldi <templatestyles src="Person/styles.css" />(Zapfe, 1962)
Weblinks
Commons: Caponiidae – Sammlung von Bildern
Literatur
- Gertsch, Willis J. 1979: American Spiders, 2nd edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. ISBN 0-442-22649-7
Einzelnachweise
<references> <ref name="WSC"> Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 – Caponiidae. Abgerufen am 7. Juni 2016. </ref> <ref name="Gertsch"> Gertsch, Willis J. 1979: American Spiders, 2nd edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. ISBN 0-442-22649-7 </ref> </references>