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'''Scott B. Sumner''' (geboren 1955) ist ein [[Vereinigte Staaten|US-amerikanischer]] [[Wirtschaftswissenschaftler]] und [[Professor]] an der [[George Mason University]].<br />
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== Leben ==<br />
Sumner graduierte 1985 als [[PhD]] in Wirtschaftswissenschaft an der [[University of Chicago]] und veröffentlichte anschließend vor allem zu [[Prognosemarkt|Prognosemärkten]] und [[Geldpolitik]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://faculty.bentley.edu/details.asp?uname=ssumner |title=Scott B. Sumner |publisher=[[Bentley University]] |access-date=2011-01-18 |language=en}}</ref> Breitere Bekanntheit erlangte er im Verlaufe der [[Finanzkrise ab 2007]], als Sumner in seinem [[Blog]] der These widersprach, die Wirtschaft der Vereinigten Staaten befinde sich in einer [[Liquiditätsfalle]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Paul |last=Krugman |url=http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/02/a-quick-response-to-scott-sumner/ |title=A quick response to Scott Sumner |date=2009-03-02 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2011-01-18 |language=en}}</ref> Er entwickelte eine Theorie, der zufolge [[Zentralbank]]en wie die [[Federal Reserve]] einen [[Futures-Markt]] für das nominale Niveau des BIP schaffen sollten; die gewonnenen Informationen sollen dazu dienen, das nominale BIP zu steuern ''(NGDP targeting).'' Im Kreise dieser These entwickelte sich darauf eine ökonomische Schule, die als „[[Marktmonetarismus]]“ ''(market monetarism)'' bekannt wurde, als deren „graue Eminenz“ [[Ambrose Evans-Pritchard]] Sumner bezeichnete.<ref name="evans-pritchard">{{cite news |first=Ambrose |last=Evans-Pritchard |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/8918784/Should-the-Fed-save-Europe-from-disaster.html |title=Should the Fed save Europe from disaster? |work=The Telegraph |date=2011-11-27 |access-date=2011-12-01 |language=en}}</ref> 2012 bezeichnete der ''[[Chronicle of Higher Education]]'' deshalb Sumner neben [[Gregory Mankiw]] und [[Paul Krugman]] als „einen der einflussreichsten wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Blogger“.<ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Berrett |title='Dim Sum for the Mind': Economics Blogs Engage Policy Wonks and Students |work=Chronicle of Higher Education |date=2012-01-08 |access-date=2012-01-16 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<!--Sumner contends that inflation is "measured inaccurately and doesn’t discriminate between demand versus [[supply shock]]s," and that "Inflation often changes with a lag ... but nominal GDP growth falls very, very quickly, so it'll give you a more timely signal stimulus is needed."<ref name="bloomberg"> {{cite news |first=Scott |last=Hamilton |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-10/bank-of-england-should-replace-inflation-targeting-sumner-says.html |title=Bank of England Should Replace Inflation Targeting, Sumner Says |work=Bloomberg |date=2011-04-10 |access-date=2011-04-13 |language=en}}</ref> He argued that [[monetary policy]] can offset [[fiscal austerity]] policies such as those pursued by the [[United Kingdom|British]] government in the wake of the [[Late-2000s financial crisis|2007 economic crisis]].<ref name="bloomberg"/><br />
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In April 2011, the [[Reserve Bank of New Zealand|Reserve Bank]] of [[New Zealand]] responded to Sumner's critique of inflation targeting, arguing that a nominal GDP target would be too technically complicated, and make monetary policy difficult to communicate.<ref> {{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/money/4883125/Reserve-Bank-rejects-report-on-system-flaws |title=Reserve Bank rejects report on system flaws |work=NZPA |publisher=stuff.co.nz |date=2011-04-13 |access-date=2011-04-15 |language=en}}</ref> By November 2011, however, economists from [[Goldman Sachs]] were advocating that the Federal Reserve adopt a nominal income target. Nathan Sheets, a former top official at the Federal Reserve and the head of international economics at [[Citigroup]], proposed that the Federal Reserve adopt a nominal consumption target instead.<ref> {{cite web |first=Scott |last=Sumner |url=http://www.themoneyillusion.com/?p=12149 |title=Monetary regimes in your review mirror may be closer than they appear. |access-date=2011-12-01 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Sumner has argued that one cannot account for the impact of [[fiscal policy]] without first considering how [[monetary policy]] may affect the outcome; fiscal stimulus may not succeed if monetary policy is tightened in response. Economic journalists have referred to this as the Sumner Critique, akin to the [[Lucas critique]].<ref> {{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Yglesias |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2012/05/18/don_t_believe_the_quot_taxmageddon_quot_hype.html |title=Don't Believe The "Taxmageddon" Hype |work=Slate |date=2012-05-18 |access-date=2012-05-29 |language=en}}</ref> Summarizing this thinking, ''[[The Economist]]'' suggested:<br />
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{{Zitat-en|...the economy will almost certainly not grow at a 5.3% rate no matter what Congress does. Arguments to the contrary are subject to what econ bloggers have come to call the Sumner Critique, after economist and blogger Scott Sumner. It is reasonable to assume, by this critique, that the Federal Reserve has a general path for unemployment and inflation in mind and it will react to correct any meaningful deviation from that path. A 5.3% growth rate is well outside the range of current Fed projections. Growth that rapid would almost certainly bring down unemployment quite quickly, triggering Fed nervousness over future inflation and prompting steps to tighten monetary policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2012/05/americas-economy-0 |title=Fiscal cliffs, multipliers, and the myth of central bank independence |work=The Economist |date=2012-05-23 |access-date=2012-05-29 |language=en}}</ref>}}--><br />
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== Weblinks ==<br />
* [https://faculty.bentley.edu/details.asp?uname=ssumner Internetpräsenz an der Bentley University]<br />
* [http://www.themoneyillusion.com/ Blog]<br />
* [http://www.economist.com/node/21542174 Marginal revolutionaries.] ''[[The Economist]]'', 31. Dezember 2011<br />
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== Einzelnachweise ==<br />
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{{SORTIERUNG:Sumner, Scott}}<br />
[[Kategorie:Ökonom (20. Jahrhundert)]]<br />
[[Kategorie:Ökonom (21. Jahrhundert)]]<br />
[[Kategorie:Hochschullehrer (George Mason University)]]<br />
[[Kategorie:Blogger]]<br />
[[Kategorie:US-Amerikaner]]<br />
[[Kategorie:Geboren 1955]]<br />
[[Kategorie:Mann]]<br />
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|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=US-amerikanischer Ökonom und Blogger<br />
|GEBURTSDATUM=1955<br />
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|STERBEDATUM=<br />
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}}</div>imported>Ulanwp