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{{Taxobox
| Taxon_WissName = Hynobius
| Taxon_Rang = Gattung
| Taxon_Autor = [[Johann Jakob von Tschudi|Tschudi]], 1838
| Taxon2_WissName = Hynobiinae
| Taxon2_Rang = Unterfamilie
| Taxon3_Name = Winkelzahnmolche
| Taxon3_WissName = Hynobiidae
| Taxon3_Rang = Familie
| Taxon4_WissName = Cryptobranchoidea
| Taxon4_Rang = Überfamilie
| Taxon5_Name = Schwanzlurche
| Taxon5_WissName = Caudata
| Taxon5_Rang = Ordnung
| Taxon6_Name = Amphibien
| Taxon6_WissName = Lissamphibia
| Taxon6_Rang = ohne Rang
| Bild = Hynobius arisanensis 40624072.jpg
| Bildbeschreibung = ''Hynobius arisanensis''
}}

'''''Hynobius''''' ist eine Gattung der [[Schwanzlurche]] (Caudata) aus der Familie der [[Winkelzahnmolche]].<ref name="Kuzmin" />

== Merkmale ==
Die Haut dieser Molche ist glatt. Die Extremitäten besitzen jeweils fünf Zehen. Lungen sind vorhanden. Die Zähne des Gaumens sind in einem V-förmigen Winkel aufgereiht. Rippenfurchen und Ohrdrüsenwülste sind gut ausgebildet. Der Schwanz ist seitlich abgeflacht. Die Larven sind [[limnophil]], das heißt die Larvalphase wird in Stillgewässern verbracht.<ref name="Kuzmin" />

== Vorkommen ==
Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Arten dieser Gattung umfasst Japan, Korea, China und den [[Ferner Osten|fernen Osten]] Russlands. Möglicherweise gibt es auch in [[Zentralasien]], auf dem Gebiet der ehemaligen UdSSR zwischen [[Pamir (Gebirge)|Pamir]] und [[Samarqand]], Vorkommen.<ref name="ASW" />

== Systematik ==
[[Datei:Abe's salamander, Hynobius abei.jpg|mini|rechts|''[[Hynobius abei]]'' – vom Aussterben bedroht, in Japan endemisch<ref name="iucnabei" />]]
[[Datei:Morphological comparison of the Hynobius kimurae–H. boulengeri species complex members.png|mini|rechts|Morphologie-Vergleich der Arten ''[[Hynobius boulengeri]]'' (links), ''[[Hynobius kimurae]]'' (Mitte) und ''[[Hynobius fossigenus]]'' (rechts)]]
[[Datei:おおいたさんしょううお.jpg|mini|rechts|''[[Hynobius dunni]]'' – stark gefährdet, in Japan endemisch<ref name="iucndunni" />]]
[[Datei:Hynobius kimurae (cropped) edit.jpg|miniatur|''[[Hynobius kimurae]]'', Larve]]
Die Gattung umfasst 65 Arten:<ref name="ASW" />

Stand 7. Oktober 2023
* ''[[Hynobius abei]]'' {{Person|Sato}}, 1934
* ''[[Hynobius abuensis]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Okawa}}, {{Person|Nishikawa}} & {{Person|Tominaga}}, 2019<ref name="Matsui 2019"/>
* ''[[Hynobius akiensis]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Okawa}} & {{Person|Nishikawa}}, 2019<ref name="Matsui 2019"/>
* ''[[Hynobius amabensis]]'' Sugawara & Nagano, 2023<ref name="Sugawara 2023" />
* ''[[Hynobius amakusaensis]]'' {{Person|Nishikawa}} & {{Person|Matsui}}, 2014<ref name="Nishikawa 2014"/>
* ''[[Hynobius amjiensis]]'' {{Person|Gu}}, 1992
* ''[[Hynobius arisanensis]]'' {{Person|Maki}}, 1922
* ''[[Hynobius bakan]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Okawa}} & {{Person|Nishikawa}}, 2019<ref name="Matsui 2019"/>
* ''[[Hynobius boulengeri]]'' ({{Person|Thompson}}, 1912)
* ''[[Hynobius chinensis]]'' {{Person|Günther}}, 1889
* ''[[Hynobius dunni]]'' {{Person|Tago}}, 1931
* ''[[Hynobius formosanus]]'' {{Person|Maki}}, 1922
* ''[[Hynobius fossigenus]]'' {{Person|Okamiya}}, {{Person|Sugawara}}, {{Person|Nagano}} & {{Person|Poyarkov}}, 2018<ref name="Okamiya 2018"/>
* ''[[Hynobius fucus]]'' {{Person|Lai}} & {{Person|Lue}}, 2008
* ''[[Hynobius geiyoensis]]'' {{Person|Sugawara}}, {{Person|Naito}}, {{Person|Iwata}} & {{Person|Nagano}}, 2022<ref name="Sugawara" />
* ''[[Hynobius geojeensis]]'' {{Person|Min}} & {{Person|Borzée}}, 2021<ref name="Min" />
* ''[[Hynobius glacialis]]'' {{Person|Lai}} & {{Person|Lue}}, 2008
* ''[[Hynobius guabangshanensis]]'' {{Person|Shen}}, 2004
* ''[[Hynobius guttatus]]'' {{Person|Tominaga}}, {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Tanabe}} & {{Person|Nishikawa}}, 2019<ref name="Tanabe 2019" />
* ''[[Hynobius hidamontanus]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, 1987
* ''[[Hynobius hirosei]]'' {{Person|Lantz}}, 1931
* ''[[Hynobius ikioi]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Nishikawa}} & {{Person|Tominaga}}, 2017<ref name="Matsui 2017"/>
* ''[[Hynobius iwami]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Okawa}}, {{Person|Nishikawa}} & {{Person|Tominaga}}, 2019<ref name="Matsui 2019"/>
* ''[[Hynobius katoi]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Kokuryo}}, {{Person|Misawa}} & {{Person|Nishikawa}}, 2004
* ''[[Hynobius kimurae]]'' {{Person|Dunn}}, 1923
* ''[[Hynobius kuishiensis]]'' {{Person|Tominaga}}, {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Tanabe}} & {{Person|Nishikawa}}, 2019<ref name="Tanabe 2019" />
* ''[[Hynobius kunibiki]]'' Sugawara, Iwata, Yamashita & Nagano, 2021<ref name="Sugawara 2021" />
* ''[[Hynobius leechii]]'' {{Person|Boulenger}}, 1887
* ''[[Hynobius lichenatus]]'' {{Person|Boulenger}}, 1883
* ''[[Hynobius maoershanensis]]'' {{Person|Zhou}}, {{Person|Jiang}} & {{Person|Jiang}}, 2006
* ''[[Hynobius mikawaensis]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, {{person|Misawa}}, {{Person|Nishikawa}} & {{Person|Shimada}}, 2017<ref name="Misawa 2017"/>
* ''[[Hynobius miyazakiensis]]'' Sugawara, Nagano & Sueyoshi, 2023<ref name="Sugawara 2023" />
* ''[[Hynobius nagatoensis]]'' Sugawara, Tahara, Matsukoji & Nagano, 2022<ref name="Tahara 2022" />
* ''[[Hynobius naevius]]'' ({{Person|Temminck}} & {{Person|Schlegel}}, 1838)
* ''[[Hynobius nebulosus]]'' ({{Person|Temminck}} & {{Person|Schlegel}}, 1838)
* ''[[Hynobius nigrescens]]'' {{person|Stejneger}}, 1907
* ''[[Hynobius nihoensis]]'' {{person|Sugawara}}, {{Person|Nagano}} & {{Person|Nakazono}}, 2022<ref name="Tahara 2022" />
* ''[[Hynobius notialis]]'' {{Person|Min}} & {{Person|Borzée}}, 2021
* ''[[Hynobius okiensis]]'' {{Person|Sato}}, 1940
* ''[[Hynobius oni]]'' {{Person|Kanamori}}, {{Person|Nishikawa}}, {{Person|Matsui}} & {{Person|Tanabe}}, 2022<ref name="Kanamori 2022" />
* ''[[Hynobius osumiensis]]'' {{Person|Nishikawa}} & {{Person|Matsui}}, 2014<ref name="Nishikawa 2014"/>
* ''[[Hynobius owariensis]]'' {{Person|Sugawara}}, {{Person|Fujitani}}, {{Person|Seguchi}}, {{Person|Sawahata}} & {{Person|Nagano}}, 2022
* ''[[Hynobius oyamai]]'' {{Person|Tominaga}}, {{Person|Matsui}} & {{Person|Nishikawa}}, 2019<ref name="Tominaga 2019"/>
* ''[[Hynobius perplicatus]]'' {{Person|Min}} & {{Person|Borzée}}, 2021
* ''[[Hynobius quelpaertensis]]'' {{Person|Mori}}, 1928
* ''[[Hynobius retardatus]]'' {{Person|Dunn}}, 1923
* ''[[Hynobius sematonotos]]'' {{Person|Tominaga}}, {{Person|Matsui}} & {{Person|Nishikawa}}, 2019<ref name="Tominaga 2019"/>
* ''[[Hynobius sengokui]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Misawa}}, {{Person|Yoshikawa}} & {{Person|Nishikawa}}, 2022
* ''[[Hynobius setoi]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Tanabe}} & {{Person|Misawa}}, 2019<ref name="Matsui 2019"/>
* ''[[Hynobius setouchi]]'' {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Okawa}}, {{Person|Tanabe}} & {{Person|Misawa}}, 2019<ref name="Matsui 2019"/>
* ''[[Hynobius shinichisatoi]]'' {{Person|Nishikawa}} & {{Person|Matsui}}, 2014<ref name="Nishikawa 2014"/>
* ''[[Hynobius sonani]]'' ({{Person|Maki}}, 1922)
* ''[[Hynobius stejnegeri]]'' {{Person|Dunn}}, 1923
* ''[[Hynobius sumidai]]'' {{Person|Sugawara}}, {{Person|Naito}}, {{Person|Iwata}} & {{Person|Nagano}}, 2022
* ''[[Hynobius takedai]]'' {{Person|Matsui}} & {{Person|Miyazaki}}, 1984
* ''[[Hynobius tokyoensis]]'' {{Person|Tago}}, 1931
* ''[[Hynobius tosashimizuensis]]'' {{Person|Sugawara}}, {{Person|Watabe}}, {{Person|Yoshikawa}} & {{Person|Nagano}}, 2018<ref name="Sugawara 2018"/>
* ''[[Hynobius tsuensis]]'' {{Person|Abé}}, 1922
* ''[[Hynobius tsurugiensis]]'' {{Person|Tominaga}}, {{Person|Matsui}}, {{Person|Tanabe}} & {{Person|Nishikawa}}, 2019<ref name="Tanabe 2019" />
* ''[[Hynobius turkestanicus]]'' {{Person|Nikolskii}}, 1910
* ''[[Hynobius unisacculus]]'' {{Person|Min}}, {{Person|Baek}}, {{Person|Song}}, {{Person|Chang}} & {{Person|Poyarkov}}, 2016<ref name="Min 2016"/>
* ''[[Hynobius utsunomiyaorum]]'' {{Person|Matsui}} & {{Person|Okawa}}, 2019<ref name="Matsui 2019"/>
* ''[[Hynobius vandenburghi]]'' {{Person|Dunn}}, 1923
* ''[[Hynobius yangi]]'' {{Person|Kim}}, {{Person|Min}} & {{Person|Matsui}}, 2003
* ''[[Hynobius yiwuensis]]'' {{Person|Cai}}, 1985

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references>
<ref name="Kuzmin">Sergius L. Kuzmin: ''Die Amphibien Russlands und angrenzender Gebiete.'' (= ''Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei.'' Band 627). Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg 1995, ISBN 3-89432-457-0.</ref>
<ref name="ASW">Darrel R. Frost: [https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Caudata/Hynobiidae/Hynobiinae/Hynobius ''Hynobius Tschudi, 1838'']. Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998–2022, abgerufen am 30. August 2022.</ref>
<ref name="Nishikawa 2014">Kanto Nishikawa & Masafumi Matsui: ''Three new species of the salamander genus Hynobius (Amphibia, Urodela, Hynobiidae) from Kyushu, Japan.'' [[Zootaxa]], 3852, S. 203–226, 2014</ref>
<ref name="Min 2016">M.-S. Min, H.-J. Baek, J.-Y. Song, M. H. Chang, and N. A. Poyarkov, Jr. 2016. ''A new species of salamander of the genus Hynobius (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from South Korea.'' Zootaxa, 4169, S. 475–503, 2016</ref>
<ref name="Matsui 2017">Masafumi Matsui, Kanto Nishikawa & Atsushi Tominaga: ''Taxonomic relationships of Hynobius stejnegeri and H. yatsui, with description of the Amber-Colored Salamander from Kyushu, Japan (Amphibia: Caudata).'' Zoological Science, 34, S. 538–545, Tokio 2017</ref>
<ref name="Misawa 2017">Masafumi Matsui, Y. Misawa, Kanto Nishikawa & T. Shimada: ''A new species of lentic breeding salamander (Amphibia, Caudata) from central Japan.'' [[Current Herpetology]], 36, S. 116–126, Kyoto 2017</ref>
<ref name="Sugawara 2018">H. Sugawara, T. Watabe, T. Yoshikawa & M. Nagano: ''Morphological and molecular analyses of Hynobius dunni reveal a new species from Shikoku, Japan.'' Herpetologica, 74, S. 159–168, 2018</ref>
<ref name="Okamiya 2018">H. Okamiya, H. Sugawara, M. Nagano, and N. A. Poyarkov, Jr.: ''An integrative taxonomic analysis reveals a new species of lotic Hynobius salamander from Japan.'' PeerJ, 5084, S. 1–40, 2018</ref>
<ref name="Matsui 2019">Masafumi Matsui, H. Okawa, Kanto Nishikawa, G. Aoki, K. Eto, N. Yoshikawa, S. Tanabe, Y. Misawa & Atsushi Tominaga: ''Systematics of the widely distributed Japanese Clouded Salamander, Hynobius nebulosus (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae), and its closest relatives.'' [[Current Herpetology]], 38, S. 32–90, Kyoto 2019 </ref>
<ref name="Tominaga 2019">Atsushi Tominaga, Masafumi Matsui & Kanto Nishikawa: ''Two new species of lotic breeding salamanders (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from western Japan.'' Zootaxa, 4550, 4, S. 525–544, 2019 </ref>
<ref name="iucnabei">{{IUCN|ID=10613|ScientificName=Hynobius abei}}</ref>
<ref name="iucndunni">{{IUCN|ID=10614|ScientificName=Hynobius dunni}}</ref>
<ref name="Tanabe 2019">
Atsushi Tominaga, Masafumi Matsui, Shingo Tanabe & Kanto Nishikawa: ''A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan, with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae).'' Zootaxa, 4651, S. 401–433.</ref>
<ref name="Kanamori 2022">S. Kanamori, K. Nishikawa, M. Matsui & S. Tanabe: ''A new species of lotic breeding salamander (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from Shikoku, Japan.'' PeerJ, 10 (e13891), 2022, S. 1–30. {{DOI|10.7717/peerj.13891}}.</ref>
<ref name="Sugawara">H. Sugawara, J. Naito, T. Iwata, and M. Nagano: ''Molecular phylogenetic and morphological problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of two new species from Chugoku, Japan.'' Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 51, 2022, S. 35–46.</ref>
<ref name="Min">A. Borzée & M.-S. Min: ''Disentangling the impacts of speciation, sympatry and the island effect on the morphology of seven Hynobius sp. salamanders.'' Animals 11, 187, Basel 2021, S. 1–36. {{DOI|10.3390/ani11010187}}.</ref>
<ref name="Tahara 2022">H. Sugawara, Y. Tahara, S. Nakazono, T. Matsukoji & M. Nagano: ''Taxonomic revision of the Yamaguchi Salamander Hynobius bakan: Description of two new species from Chugoku and Kyushu, Japan.'' Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum, 69. 2022, S. 1–17.</ref>
<ref name="Sugawara 2021">H. Sugawara, T. Iwata, H. Yamashita & M. Nagano: ''Taxonomic reassessment of the Izumo lineage of Hynobius utsunomiyaorum: Description of a new species from Chugoku, Japan.'' Animals. Basel, Switzerland, 11, 2187, 2021, S. 1–19. {{DOI|10.3390/ani11082187}}.</ref>
<ref name="Sugawara 2023">H. Sugawara, T. Sueyoshi & M. Nagano: ''Taxonomic re-evaluation of the Oita salamander Hynobius dunni: Description of two new species from Kyushu, Japan.'' Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum, 70, 2023, S. 63–79.</ref>
</references>

== Weblinks ==
{{commonscat|Hynobius|''Hynobius''}}
* Darrel R. Frost: [https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Caudata/Hynobiidae/Hynobiinae/Hynobius ''Hynobius Tschudi, 1838'']. Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998–2022, abgerufen am 30. August 2022.

[[Kategorie:Winkelzahnmolche]]
[[Kategorie:Hynobiidae]]

Hynobius - Versionsgeschichte

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