https://wiki-de.moshellshocker.dns64.de/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=AmanzimtotiAmanzimtoti - Versionsgeschichte2026-06-11T03:39:34ZVersionsgeschichte dieser Seite in Wikipedia (Deutsch) – Lokale KopieMediaWiki 1.43.8https://wiki-de.moshellshocker.dns64.de/index.php?title=Amanzimtoti&diff=2409602&oldid=previmported>Sokrates2987: /* Sehenswürdigkeiten */2023-11-29T23:41:29Z<p><span class="autocomment">Sehenswürdigkeiten</span></p>
<p><b>Neue Seite</b></p><div>{{Infobox Ort in Südafrika<br />
|Breitengrad = -30.0500<br />
|Längengrad = 30.8833<br />
|Name = <br />
|Wappen = <br />
|Distrikt = eThekwini<br />
|Höhe = 60<br />
|Fläche = <br />
|Einwohner = 13813<br />
|Stand = 2011<br />
|Gründung = <br />
|ISO-Code = ZA-KZN<br />
|Webpräsenz = <br />
|Bild1 = Toti Main Beach sunrise.JPG<br />
|Bild1Name = Strand in Amanzimtoti<br />
}}<br />
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'''Amanzimtoti''' (kurz: '''Toti''') ist eine Stadt in der [[südafrika]]nischen [[Metropolgemeinde (Südafrika)|Metropolgemeinde]] [[eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality|eThekwini]]. Sie ist eine Küstenstadt südlich von [[Durban]]s Zentrum und liegt auf einer Höhe von 60 Metern über dem Meeresspiegel.<ref name="fallr"/> 2011 hatte sie 13.813 Einwohner.<ref>[http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/599173 Volkszählung 2011], abgerufen am 16. November 2013</ref><br />
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Den lokalen Legenden zufolge soll der [[Zulu (Volk)|Zulukönig]] [[Shaka]] mit seiner Armee an einem Flussufer gerastet haben. Als er das Wasser probierte, sagte er: „Kanti amanzi mtoti,“ ([[isiZulu]]) für „Das Wasser ist also süß.“ Der Fluss wurde danach ''Amanzimtoti'' („Süßwasser“) genannt.<ref name="kznorg"/><br />
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Amanzimtoti ist für sein mildes Wetter und die Strände bekannt. Die Stadt ist ein beliebter Ferienort, insbesondere für Surfer und Zuschauer des ''Sardine Run'', eines Naturschauspiels, bei dem tausende [[Großer Tümmler|Delfine]], Haie, andere Fische und Möwen sehr viele der sich auf Migration befindenden [[Sardinen]] fressen. Der Sardinenschwarm ist der größte der Welt. Man kann beobachten, wie Haie und Delfine die Sardinen gemeinsam an die Wasseroberfläche treiben und so die Seevögel besser an die Beute kommen. Viele Südafrikaner kommen während der Schulferien oder an langen Wochenenden hierher. Amanzimtoti liegt an der [[N2 (Südafrika)|N2]]. Somit ist eine gute Verkehrsanbindung gewährleistet. Außerdem gibt es Sportanlagen und viele Einkaufsmöglichkeiten.<br />
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== Geschichte ==<br />
Legend holds that [[Shaka|King Shaka]] named Amanzimtoti after drinking water from a river or stream in the area whilst on a raid down the south coast of what is now known as KwaZulu-Natal. This is thought to have taken place towards the end of his reign which lasted from 1816 to 1828.<ref name="Meitener">Meitener, M.J. (1994). ''A History of Amanzimtoti''. The Rapid Results College.</ref> It is said that Shaka stopped to rest in the area, and had his personal attendant collect water from a nearby stream.<ref name="Meitener"/> This water was presented to King Shaka in a [[calabash]].<ref name="Meitener"/> After Drinking the water he exclaimed "Kanti amanz'amtoti"([[isiZulu]]: "So, the water is sweet").<ref name="Meitener"/> An extension of the legend was that King Shaka had sat under a large wild [[Ficus|fig tree]] to drink the water, or that he used to meet local ''indunas'' (chiefs) under a specific fig tree.<ref name="Meitener"/> The exact tree is unknown; one tree claimed to have been this tree fell down in March 1972, and another fell down in June 1981.<ref name="Meitener"/><br />
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[[Dick King]] passed through the Amanzimtoti area on his way to [[Grahamstown]] in 1842 in order to request help for the besieged British garrison at Port Natal (now the Old Fort, [[Durban]]). The route that Dick King took through Amanzimtoti later became a road and was named Kingsway.<br />
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In 1847 [[Dr Newton Adams]] moved from [[Umlazi]] (where he had established a [[mission station]] in 1836) to Amanzimtoti and started a new mission station.<ref name="Adams">Adams College - Historical Background: http://www.adamscollegesa.co.za/site/adams-college, abgerufen am 26. August 2011.</ref> Dr Adams died in 1851, and the [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions]] sent Rev. Rood to Amanzimtoti in 1853 with the express object of opening up a school.<ref name="Adams"/> [[Adams Mission Church]] was built inland of Amanzimtoti in 1852, and [[Adams College]] was built in 1853.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> The college was first named "Amanzimtoti Institute" and was later renamed after Dr. Adams in the 1930s.<ref name="Adams"/><br />
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There is discrepancy as to which was the first house in the Amanzimtoti area, with one reference claiming a house on the south side of the Amanzimtoti River as the oldest house and another claiming a house to the north of the river as the oldest.<ref name="TotiTimes"/><ref name="TotiTimes"/> The "first house" in Amanzimtoti was owned by Howard Wright, and known as ''Klein Frystaat'' ("Little [[Free State Province|Free State]]"), and was situated "on the north side of the back of the old [[Anglican]] Church" on Adams Road.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> The house was demolished in 1984.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> However, the "best guess" for the first house built in Amanzimtoti is 1895, and it may have been on the "headland" south of Amanzimtoti Lagoon.<ref name="Meitener"/><br />
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A photograph of a rowing boat on the Amanzimtoti River taken in 1889, shows the banks of the river vegetated with ''[[Phragmites australis]]'', ''[[Phoenix reclinata]]'' and coastal bush.<ref name="Meitener"/> However a later traveler in 1911 claims to have been the first person to take a camera up the river, but also describes "reed-covered isles", "overhanging trees" and his photographs show ''Phoenix reclinata'' growing on the banks.<ref name="RailwaysPrinting"> Tatlow, A.H. (1911). ''Natal Province: Descriptive Guide and Official Hand-book''. South African Railways Printing Works, Durban, Natal.</ref><br />
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The railway line from Durban to [[Isipingo]] was extended to [[Park Rynie]] from 1896, and the first train passed through Amanzimtoti in 1897.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> This train left Durban on 22 February at 07h55 and consisted of a [[Dubs Engine|Dubs-type Engine]] with two goods trucks, two passenger trucks and a brake-van.<ref name="Meitener"/> There was a [[tin shanty]] siding at Amanzimtoti in 1897 which served as a station.<ref name="Meitener"/> The route from the Amanzimtoti train station to Adams Mission was named Adams Road. The first hotel in Amanzimtoti was built in 1898 to cater for holiday makers, some of whom came from as far afield as [[Johannesburg]] on specially organised trains.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> The first hotel was built of wood and iron, and burnt down in May 1899.<ref name="Meitener"/> Amanzimtoti had its first station master in 1902.<ref name="Meitener"/><br />
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In 1902, Mrs K. Swafton visited Amanzimtoti and reported that the area had 1 hotel, (3 or<ref name="Meitener"/>) 4 houses and 12 huts on the lagoon (clustered on the shore between the lagoon and [[Chain Rocks]]<ref name="Meitener"/>).<ref name="TotiTimes"/> The huts where made of wood and iron or motor car packing cases and served as holiday bungalows, and two of the houses had been built by the Department of Native Affairs for resident officers.<ref name="Meitener"/> The 5th house in Amanzimtoti was built on the corner of Adams Road and Ross Street in 1908 by the Reinbach family, who were from [[Cape Town]].<ref name="TotiTimes"/><br />
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The Kynoch factory for the manufacture of explosives was built in [[Arklow]], [[Ireland]] in 1895.<ref name="Inggs"> Donald Inggs. ''Twini's historic Irish Connection''.</ref> Mr Arthur Chaimberlain of Kynochs visited South Africa in 1907 (1908<ref name="TotiTimes"/>) to find a place to start another factory.<ref name="Inggs"/> 1,400 acres of land were bought at [[Umbogintwini, KwaZulu-Natal|Umbogintwini]], and on 24 October 1907, a group of Irishmen (23 workers and their families<ref name="TotiTimes"/>) from Arklow sailed from [[Southampton]] to be factory hands at the new Kynoch's factory in Umbogintwini.<ref name="Inggs"/> These people lived in Amanzimtoti and [[Isipingo]] before the village of Umbogintwini took shape.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> One of these "Irishmen" (Harry Purves) was in fact originally from Durban, where he was born to [[Scottish]] immigrants.<ref name="MargaretNicol">Margaret Isabella Nicol. "The Breakfast Room Table''.</ref><br />
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In 1910 Toti had "a dozen families" (according to Bill Bailey), and the ''Toti Hotel'' had 50 rooms. In 1911 Toti was an hours ride from Durban by train, and a photograph shows a boat race being held on the Lagoon.<ref name="Meitener"/> The Amanzimtoti River was navigable for 3.5 miles by rowing boat.<ref name="RailwaysPrinting"/><br />
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In the 1920s there was a [[steam train]] (the [[Port Shepstone Express]]) that passed through the town once a day, to and from Durban.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> At around this time there was a Zulu [[kraal]] where the original Amanzimtoti Primary School was later built.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> One of the bathing areas in the sea for holiday makers was a gully with rocks sheltering on either side.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> A [[bungalow]] was built near this site in the early 1920s by Mrs Miller (nee Reinbach) and her husband Douglas Miller, and a tea room existed there in 1923.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> The two Reinbach brothers and a Mr Grainger were often called upon to rescue bathers, and it was decided to use the gully, and place suspended chains across it, to provide a safe area for bathers.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> The chains were put up sometime before 1926, and this place was then called Chain Rocks.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> Paul Henwood May moved to Amanzimtoti in 1922, and built several colonial style homes (made from wood, with an iron roof and a front [[verandah]]).<ref name="TotiTimes"/><br />
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Many people moved to Amanzimtoti during the [[Great Depression]], because the cost of living was cheaper than in the cities.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> Amanzimtoti was granted local administration in 1934, with a population of 774.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> One of the "highlights" of the 1930s was the arrival of [[Gracie Fields]], a popular singer at the time.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> Electricity was introduced to the town in 1938; being voted in by a small majority after Alan Allen campaigned on the benefits of electricity.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> Telephone lines were installed in 1945, and the manually operated telephone exchange was located at the railway station.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> Running water was introduced in 1949 by the first mayor of Amanzimtoti, Mr Olaf Bjorseth.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> Before the introduction of running water, residents used to collect rain water from the roofs of their houses.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> The first petrol pump in the town was owned and operated by Mr and Mrs Silverstone, who also ran a store called "The Silverstones".<ref name="TotiTimes"/> The first post office was situated on the railway station, next door to Mrs Morton's Tea Room.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> Mrs North was the first post-mistress.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> The post office and telephone exchange were moved to the Telephone Exchange building in Bjorseth Cresent in the late 1940s/ early 1950s.<ref name="TotiTimes"/><br />
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Amanzimtoti offered refuge to many [[Middle Eastern]] and [[United Kingdom|British]] evacuees during the [[Second World War]], many of whom were housed in holiday cottages and private homes.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> When first a school was started at Toti Town Hall, Dr Frickle paid for two teacher's salaries out of money he made at his clinic selling "No 9s" (red pills "from the army"), which he purportedly prescribed "for everything".<ref name="TotiTimes"/> Miss Burns (who ran the Guides) held the first [[Arbour Day]] in [[Natal Province|Natal]], and along with 16 Guides, planted 60 ''[[Erythrina lysistemon]]'' trees along Beach Road.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> These trees "blazed red" when in flower and were known as the "glory of Beach Road" - and for this reason, the Coral Tree is included in the Crest of Amanzimtoti.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> These trees were however cut down in the 1950s when Beach Road was widened and tarred.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> The first newspapers to be produced in the town were attributed to Ivor Language, and the first issue of ''The Observer'' was printed in July 1955.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> Before this, newspapers had been brought in by train from Durban.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> From 1957 to 1959, ''The Observer'' was replaced by a commercial weekly newspaper, the ''South Coast Courier''.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> ''The Observer'' was again replaced, this time by the ''South Coast SUN'', which was started in 1970 by Archie and Jenny Taylor.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> Toti's largest building, then known as ''Sanlam Centre'', was constructed during 1972/1973.<ref name="TotiTimes"/> It consisted of a shopping complex and a 25-storey block of flats, which can accommodate 1,500 people.<ref name="TotiTimes"/><br />
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[[Image:en:Mall 2.JPG|thumb|right|The site where the bomb blast occurred]] Amanzimtoti made the international news when on December 23, 1985, during the peak of the Christmas shopping season, [[Umkhonto we Sizwe|MK]] cadre Andrew Sibusiso Zondo detonated a bomb in a rubbish bin at the Sanlam shopping centre in an act of anti-[[Apartheid]] terrorism. Five people (two women and three children<ref name="IOLKiller">IOL News: ''Honouring a killer?'': http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/honouring-a-killer-1.349597, abgerufen am 25. August 2011.</ref>) were killed in the blast and more than forty were injured.<ref>http://www.polity.org.za/polity/govdocs/commissions/1998/trc/2chap3.htm</ref><br />
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== Geschichte ==<br />
Am 23. September 1985 verübte ein Mitglied der [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]] einen [[Anschlag in Amanzimtoti|Bombenanschlag auf ein Einkaufszentrum in Amanzimtoti]]. Dabei starben 5 Menschen, 40 wurden verletzt.<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/amanzimtoti-blast-kills-five |titel=Amanzimtoti blast kills five |werk=South African History Online |datum=2011-03-16 |sprache=en |abruf=2023-11-30}}</ref><br />
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== Sehenswürdigkeiten ==<br />
Um Amanzimtoti gibt es viele wildlebende Tiere, so zum Beispiel [[Kapotter]], [[Blauducker]] und [[Nataldrossel]]. Auch die [[Südliche Grünmeerkatze]] ist hier häufig in den Vororten und in den Naturschutzgebieten zu sehen.<br />
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Viele dieser Tiere leben entlang des Flusses [[Amanzimtoti River|Amanzimtoti]] oder in den Küstendünen. 1965 wurde am Flussufer das Naturschutzgebiet [[Ilanda Wilds]] eingerichtet. Dort gibt es auch den Vogelpark [[Umdoni Bird Sanctuary]]. Weitere Schutzgebiete sind Umbogavango, Vumbuka und der [[Pipeline Coastal Park]].<br />
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== Söhne und Töchter der Stadt ==<br />
* [[Connor Dowds]] (* 1993), Schauspieler<br />
* [[Marc Polmans]] (* 1997), australischer Tennisspieler<br />
* [[Zane Weir]] (* 1995), Kugelstoßer<br />
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== Weblinks ==<br />
{{Commonscat}}<br />
* [http://www.amanzimtoti.org/ Touristeninformationen zu Amanzimtoti] (englisch)<br />
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== Einzelnachweise ==<br />
<references><br />
<ref name="fallr">{{fallingrain|SF|02|Amanzimtoti|d=2011-08-02}}</ref><br />
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<ref name="kznorg">{{internetquelle<br />
|url = http://amanzimtoti.kzn.org.za/index.php?cityhome+662+++57619<br />
|sprache = englisch<br />
|titel = Durban South (Amanzimtoti, Umkomaas)<br />
|archiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006144420/http://amanzimtoti.kzn.org.za/index.php?cityhome+662+++57619<br />
|archiv-datum=2011-10-06<br />
|zugriff = 2011-09-12<br />
}}</ref><br />
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<ref name="TotiTimes">Howard, G. (April 2000). South Coast Sun: ''Times of Toti''.</ref><br />
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|zugriff = 2011-09-12<br />
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{{Navigationsleiste Vororte von Durban}}<br />
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[[Kategorie:Ort in der Provinz KwaZulu-Natal]]<br />
[[Kategorie:Geographie (eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality)]]<br />
[[Kategorie:Ort in Afrika]]</div>imported>Sokrates2987