Quelltext der Seite Streifenliest

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{{Taxobox
| Taxon_Name       = Streifenliest
| Taxon_WissName   = Halcyon chelicuti
| Taxon_Rang       = Art
| Taxon_Autor      = ([[Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby|Stanley]], 1814)
| Taxon2_LinkName  = Halcyon (Gattung)
| Taxon2_WissName  = Halcyon
| Taxon2_Rang      = Gattung
| Taxon3_Name      = Lieste
| Taxon3_WissName  = Halcyoninae
| Taxon3_Rang      = Unterfamilie
| Taxon4_Name      = Eisvögel
| Taxon4_WissName  = Alcedinidae
| Taxon4_Rang      = Familie
| Taxon5_Name      = Rackenvögel
| Taxon5_WissName  = Coraciiformes
| Taxon5_Rang      = Ordnung
| Taxon6_Name      = Vögel
| Taxon6_WissName  = Aves
| Taxon6_Rang      = Klasse
| Bild             = Striped Kingfisher - Kenya IMG 3214.jpg
| Bildbeschreibung = Streifenliest (''Halcyon chelicuti'') der Nominatform in Kenia
}}
[[Datei:Striped kingfisher (Halcyon chelicuti) juvenile 2.jpg|mini|Juveniler Streifenliest]]

Der '''Streifenliest''' (''Halcyon chelicuti'') ist ein [[Vögel|Vogel]] aus der [[Familie (Biologie)|Familie]] der [[Eisvögel]] (Alcedinidae).
Die Art wurde zuerst von [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby|Edward Lord Stanley]] im Buch ''Salt's Voyage to Abyssinia''<ref name="Salt">Salt (1816)</ref> im Jahre 1814 als „Chelicut Kingfisher“ ''Alaudo Chelicuti'' beschrieben.<ref name="salt2">In the index on p432 the genus is given as ''Alcedo'', but the description on p439 is headed, presumably in error, as ''Alaudo''.</ref>

Der Name der [[Art (Biologie)|Spezies]] ''chelicuti'' leitet sich von [[Chelicut]] in [[Äthiopien]] ab, dem Ort an welchem Stanley das [[Typusexemplar]] fand.<ref name="Fry">Fry (1992)</ref>

Es handelt sich bei ihm um einen sehr territorialen Vogel, der keine Artgenossen in seinem Revier duldet.
Sein Territorium kann bis zu 3 Hektar und 100 große Bäume umfassen.
Er überwacht sein Revier von einem Baumwipfel und zwitschert ununterbrochen bis in den Nachmittag hinein.<ref name="Fry" />

== Merkmale ==
Der Streifenliest der Subspezies ''H. c. chelicuti'' misst im Durchschnitt 16 bis 18&nbsp;cm<ref name="SH">Sinclair and Hockey (2007). Statements with only this reference may refer only to southern Africa.</ref><ref name="ZTP">Zimmerman, Turner, and Pearson (1999). Statements with only this reference may refer only to Kenya.</ref> von Schnabelspitze bis Schwanz.
Altvögel haben ein graubraunes Obergefieder, die Rücken- und Schwanzfedern sind metallisch-blau.
Bauch und Nacken sind weiß, der Scheitel oberhalb der Augen ist grau-weiß gestreift.
Schnabelspitze und Oberschnabel sind schwarz, sonst ist sein Schnabel rotorange-farben.
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 Perched adults look mostly greyish brown on the upper part of the body. The lower back, secondary [[flight feathers]], and tail are metallic blue; this colour is much more visible when the bird flies than when it is perched,<ref name=ZTP/><ref name=SH/> as is a white patch at the base of the primary flight feathers.<ref name=SH/> The wing linings are white with a black border, and in males a black bar at the base of the primaries.<ref name=SH/> The underparts are off-white, buffier on the breast, with brown streaks on the sides in Kenyan birds<ref name=ZTP/> and also on the breast in southern African birds.<ref name=SH/><ref name=Butchart>Butchart (2000).</ref> Also streaked dark brown is the top of the head, with the background buffy grey in males and brownish in females. The sides of the head, throat, and a collar around the back of the neck continue the off-white of the underparts. A black line goes around the back of the neck, above the white collar, and through the eyes. The bill is blackish above and at the tip, otherwise reddish-orange below.<ref name=ZTP/><ref name=SH/>

The juvenile resembles the adult but is paler. It has less blue on the wings, a darker crown, dusky tips to the breast feathers, and dull red on the lower mandible.<ref name=ZTP/><ref name=SH/>

The call is distinctive, "a high-pitched, piercing 'cheer-cherrrrrr'"<ref name=SH/> or a far-carrying "''KEW, kerrrr<small>rrrrr</small>''" in which the ''r''s represent a repeated descending trill lower in pitch than the first note.<ref name=ZTP/> It is often given at dusk in a display where the bird opens its wings.<ref name=Butchart/>

The northern subspecies ''H. c. eremogiton'' has a grey-brown crown and mantle and almost unstreaked underparts.<ref name=Fry/>
-->

== Vorkommen ==
Die Art ist in [[Afrika]] südlich der [[Sahara]] weit verbreitet. In dichten Waldgebieten (insbesondere im [[Kongobecken]]) fehlt sie jedoch.
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This species occurs in [[sub-Saharan Africa]] except in dense forests (especially near the [[Congo River]]), the northeast, and the region south of northwestern [[Namibia]] and northeastern [[South Africa]].<ref>
The countries where it occurs are [[Angola]], [[Benin]], [[Botswana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Burundi]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Chad]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Gabon]], [[Gambia]], [[Ghana]], [[Guinea]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Kenya]], [[Liberia]], [[Malawi]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[Niger]], [[Nigeria]], [[Rwanda]], [[Senegal]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Somalia]], [[South Africa]], [[Sudan]], [[Swaziland]], [[Tanzania]], [[Togo]], [[Uganda]], [[Zambia]], and [[Zimbabwe]] (BirdLife International 2004).</ref><ref name=Lack>Lack (2006).</ref>
-->
Der Streifenliest bevorzugt offene Wald- und Buschlandschaften sowie die offene [[Savanne]].
Es gibt zwei Unterarten:<ref>[http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/rollers/ IOC World Bird List Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers]</ref> 
* ''H. c. chelicuti'' ({{Person|Stanley}}, 1814)<ref>{{Literatur|Autor=Edward Smith-Stanley, 13. Earl of Derby in Henry Salt|Titel=A voyage to Abyssinia, and travels into the interior of that country, executed under the orders of the British government, in the years 1809 and 1810; in which are included, an account of the Portuguese settlements on the east coast of Africa, visited in the course of the voyage; a concise narrative of late events in Arabia Felix; and some particulars respecting the aboriginal African tribes, extending from Mosambique to the borders of Egypt; together with vocabularies of their respective languages. Illustrated with a map of Abyssinia, numerous engravings, and charts.|Verlag=W. Bulmer and Co.|Ort=London|Datum=1814|Online=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47589035#page/656/mode/1up}}</ref>
* ''H. c. eremogiton'' ({{Person|[[Ernst Hartert|Hartert, E]]}}, 1921)<ref>{{Literatur|Autor=Ernst Hartert|Titel=Captain Angus Buchanan's Air Expedition. IV. The Birds collected by Capt. Angus Buchanan during his journey from Kano to Air or Asben|Sammelwerk=Novitates zoologicae. A journal of zoology in connection with the Tring Museum.|Band=28|Nummer=1|Datum=1921|Seiten=78–141|Online=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3152512#page/122/mode/1up}}</ref><ref>Peterson (1999)</ref> in den nördlichen Wüstengebieten Zentral-[[Mali]]s bis zum [[Weißer Nil|Weißen Nil]] und dem östlichen [[Sudan]].<ref>Batchelder et al.</ref> Im südlichen Mali kommt es zu Vermischungen mit der anderen Unterart.<ref>McCarthy (2006).</ref>

''Halcyon damarensis'' {{Person|[[Hugh Edwin Strickland|Strickland]]}}, 1852<ref>{{Literatur|Autor=Hugh Edwin Strickland und Philip Lutley Sclater in William Jardine, 7. Baronet of Applegarth|Titel=List of a collection of birds produced by Mr. C. T. Andersson in the Damara Country in South Western Africa with Notes|Verlag=Samuel Highley|Ort=London|Datum=1852|Seiten=141–160|Online=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209972#page/203/mode/1up}}</ref> wird heute als [[Synonym (Taxonomie)|Synonym]] zur [[Nominatform]] betrachtet.

== Nahrung ==
Der Streifenliest ernährt sich überwiegend von Heuschrecken gefolgt von weiteren Großinsekten.
Kleine Eidechsen, Schlangen und Nager werden gelegentlich auch erbeutet.
Als Ansitzjäger lauert er seinen Opfern aus etwa 3&nbsp;m Höhe auf.<ref name="Fry" />
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Grasshoppers taken to the nest to feed the young are presented to the chicks head-first, in much the same way that aquatic kingfishers deliver fish to their offspring.<ref name=Fry/>
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== Fortpflanzung ==
A mated pair of Striped Kingfishers display by sitting facing each other in a treetop with tail cocked. The wings are flicked open and shut as the birds sing. the ''pee-hee'' song soon becomes a sequence of short trills and pauses.<ref name = Fry/>

The female lays eggs in a disused [[woodpecker]] or [[barbet]] hole. Both sexes incubate during the day, but only the female at night. The male feeds the female, but holds the prey items while the female tears off pieces. [[Lesser Honeyguide]]s and [[Greater Honeyguide]]s [[brood parasitism|parasitise]] up to a quarter of nests.<ref name = Fry/>

This species is usually monogamous, but polyandry has been recorded. The Striped Kingfisher is normally double-brooded.<ref name=Fry>Fry (1992)</ref>
-->

== Literatur ==
* [[Charles Hilary Fry|C. Hilary Fry]], Kathie Fry: ''Kingfishers, Bee-Eaters, & Rollers.'' Princeton, New Jersey 1992, 1999, ISBN 0-691-04879-7.

== Weblinks ==
{{Commonscat|Halcyon chelicuti|Streifenliest (''Halcyon chelicuti'')}}
* {{IUCN|ID=22683278|ScientificName=Halcyon chelicuti}}
* {{Literatur |Autor=Duncan Butchart |Titel= Wildlife of the Okavango: Common Plants and Animals |Verlag=New Holland Publishers |Datum=2000 |ISBN=1-86872-538-3 |Online=http://books.google.com/books?id=ixfLyYtiZ1MC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=%22striped+kingfisher%22+insect&source=web&ots=VhK44FEK34&sig=j5gk2TKiNtOhwaohbsp8VUfQ0jA |Seiten=59}}
* {{Internetquelle |autor=Peter Lack |url=http://www.africanbirdclub.org/resources/nonpasserines_2006.doc |titel=ABC African Checklist (nonpasserines) |hrsg=African Bird Club |datum=2006 |abruf=2007-08-04}}
* {{Internetquelle |autor=Rob Batchelder, Claes-Göran Cederlund, Erik Groth, Terje Gustavsen, Loakim Johansson, Terje, Uq Päl, Peter Schmidt, Rainer Winkler |url=http://www.worldtwitcher.se/2/artspec.asp?thingid=9206 |titel=Striped Kingfisher |werk=GlobalTwitcher.com |abruf=2008-01-09}}
* {{Literatur |Autor=C. Hilary Fry, Kathie Fry, [[Alan Harris (Illustrator)|Alan Harris]] |Titel=Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Rollers |Verlag=Christopher Helm |Ort=London |Datum=1992 |ISBN=0-7136-8028-8 |Seiten=154–155}}
* {{Internetquelle |url=http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/168000.html |titel=Halcyon days |werk=The Phrase finder |abruf=2008-01-11}}
* {{Internetquelle |autor=Peter E. Lowther |url=http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/Files/lowther/IList.pdf |titel=Host List of Avian Brood Parasites – 4 – Piciformes; Indicatoridae |werk=Brood Parasitism |hrsg=The Field Museum |datum=2007-08-05 |format=PDF |abruf=2008-01-09}}
* {{Literatur |Autor=Eugene M. McCarthy |Titel= Handbook of Avian Hybrids of the World |Verlag=Oxford University Press |Ort=New York |Datum=2006 |ISBN=0-19-518323-1 |Online=http://books.google.com/books?id=iZhKTNkpxUIC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=halcyon+chelicuti+eremogiton+mali&source=web&ots=arp4XeONyY&sig=f-dyQbekX_yIWZtE1lLUXGU0zYE |Seiten=118}}
* Alan P. Peterson (Hrsg.): [http://www.zoonomen.net/ ''Zoological Nomenclature Resource.'' (Zoonomen)]. 1999, abgerufen am 9. Januar 2008.
* {{Literatur |Autor=Henry Salt |Titel= A Voyage to Abyssinia and Travels into the Interior of that Country |Verlag=M.Carey Philadelphia and Wells & Lilley, Boston |Datum=1816 |Online=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=vXZNSUQkoqYC&dq=salt's+voyage+to+abyssinia&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=5jnrk9LLQT&sig=n0swmXwAFKTIiywFXyh9gRrtalI |Seiten=439}}
* {{Literatur |Autor=Ian Sinclair, Phil Hockey |Titel= The Larger Illustrated Guide to Birds of Southern Africa |Verlag=New Holland Publishers |Datum=2007 |ISBN=1-77007-243-8 |Online=http://books.google.com/books?id=jZTl2rn9uTYC&pg=PA256&vq=Striped+Kingfisher&dq=Striped+Kingfisher&sig=5NBeyK2Nj4GLCFwFTEsmsPXaUQc |Seiten=256–257}}
* {{Literatur |Autor=Dale A. Zimmerman, Donald A. Turner, David J. Pearson |Titel=Birds of Kenya and Northern Tanzania, Field Guide Edition |Verlag=Princeton University Press |Datum=1999 |ISBN=0-691-01022-6 |Seiten=136–137, 388}}

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />

[[Kategorie:Eisvögel]]