Sutter’s Mill

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{{#if:Coloma – Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park|Coloma – Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park|Sutter’s Mill}}
National Register of Historic Places
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color:#202122;" | {{#ifeq:text|color	{{#switch:Site	nrhp = #A8EDEF	nhl = SkyBlue	formernhld	formerhd	formernmon	formernhs	formernmem	formernhp	formernb	formernmp	formernbp	formernbs	formernhr	formerihs	formercp	formernhl = #DDD	nhld = #79CDCD	hd = Lavender	nmon = PapayaWhip	nhs = CadetBlue	nmem = #CCC	nhp = #CCF	nb = #FFE6B0	nmp = DarkSalmon	nbp = #E6E6AA	nbs = #FFE8E8	nhr = LightSalmon	ihs = #FFE153	cp = #CCFFCC	#default = White }} }}{{#ifeq:text|text	{{#switch:Site	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	nhl = National Historic Landmark	formernhl = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark	nhld = National Historic Landmark District	formernhld = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District	hd = Historic District	formerhd = Ehemaliger Historic District	nmon = National Monument	formernmon = Ehemaliges National Monument	nhs = National Historic Site	formernhs = Ehemalige National Historic Site	nmem = National Memorial	formernmem = Ehemaliges National Memorial	nhp = National Historical Park	formernhp = Ehemaliger National Historical Park	nb = National Battlefield	formernb = Ehemaliges National Battlefield	nmp = National Military Park	formernmp = Ehemaliger National Military Park	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbp = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernbs = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formernhr = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve	ihs = International Historic Site	formerihs = Ehemalige International Historic Site	cp = Historic District Contributing Property	formercp = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property	#default = Site }} }}{{#ifeq:text|link	{{#switch:Site	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	formernhl	nhl	formernhld	nhld = National Historic Landmark	formerhd	hd = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)	formernmon	nmon = National Monument	formernhs	nhs = National Historic Site	formernmem	nmem = National Memorial	formernhp	nhp = National Historical Park	formernb	nb = National Battlefield	formernmp	nmp = National Military Park	formernbp	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbs	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernhr	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formerihs	ihs = International Historic Site	formercp	cp = Contributing Property	#default = Site }} }}{{#ifeq:text|abbr	{{#switch:Site	formernhl = NHL	formernhld = NHLD	formerhd = HD	formernmon = NMON	formernhs = NHS	formernmem = NMEM	formernhp = NHP	formernb = NB	formernmp = NMP	formernbp = NBP	formernbs = NBS	formernhr = NHR	formerihs = IHS	formercp = CP	#default = SITE }} }} }} {{#if:|
color		{{#switch:	nrhp = #A8EDEF	nhl = SkyBlue	formernhld	formerhd	formernmon	formernhs	formernmem	formernhp	formernb	formernmp	formernbp	formernbs	formernhr	formerihs	formercp	formernhl = #DDD	nhld = #79CDCD	hd = Lavender	nmon = PapayaWhip	nhs = CadetBlue	nmem = #CCC	nhp = #CCF	nb = #FFE6B0	nmp = DarkSalmon	nbp = #E6E6AA	nbs = #FFE8E8	nhr = LightSalmon	ihs = #FFE153	cp = #CCFFCC	#default = White }} }}{{#ifeq:color|text	{{#switch:	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	nhl = National Historic Landmark	formernhl = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark	nhld = National Historic Landmark District	formernhld = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District	hd = Historic District	formerhd = Ehemaliger Historic District	nmon = National Monument	formernmon = Ehemaliges National Monument	nhs = National Historic Site	formernhs = Ehemalige National Historic Site	nmem = National Memorial	formernmem = Ehemaliges National Memorial	nhp = National Historical Park	formernhp = Ehemaliger National Historical Park	nb = National Battlefield	formernb = Ehemaliges National Battlefield	nmp = National Military Park	formernmp = Ehemaliger National Military Park	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbp = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernbs = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formernhr = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve	ihs = International Historic Site	formerihs = Ehemalige International Historic Site	cp = Historic District Contributing Property	formercp = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property	#default = }} }}{{#ifeq:color|link	{{#switch:	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	formernhl	nhl	formernhld	nhld = National Historic Landmark	formerhd	hd = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)	formernmon	nmon = National Monument	formernhs	nhs = National Historic Site	formernmem	nmem = National Memorial	formernhp	nhp = National Historical Park	formernb	nb = National Battlefield	formernmp	nmp = National Military Park	formernbp	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbs	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernhr	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formerihs	ihs = International Historic Site	formercp	cp = Contributing Property	#default = }} }}{{#ifeq:color|abbr	{{#switch:	formernhl = NHL	formernhld = NHLD	formerhd = HD	formernmon = NMON	formernhs = NHS	formernmem = NMEM	formernhp = NHP	formernb = NB	formernmp = NMP	formernbp = NBP	formernbs = NBS	formernhr = NHR	formerihs = IHS	formercp = CP	#default = }} }}; color:#202122;" | {{#ifeq:text|color	{{#switch:	nrhp = #A8EDEF	nhl = SkyBlue	formernhld	formerhd	formernmon	formernhs	formernmem	formernhp	formernb	formernmp	formernbp	formernbs	formernhr	formerihs	formercp	formernhl = #DDD	nhld = #79CDCD	hd = Lavender	nmon = PapayaWhip	nhs = CadetBlue	nmem = #CCC	nhp = #CCF	nb = #FFE6B0	nmp = DarkSalmon	nbp = #E6E6AA	nbs = #FFE8E8	nhr = LightSalmon	ihs = #FFE153	cp = #CCFFCC	#default = White }} }}{{#ifeq:text|text	{{#switch:	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	nhl = National Historic Landmark	formernhl = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark	nhld = National Historic Landmark District	formernhld = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District	hd = Historic District	formerhd = Ehemaliger Historic District	nmon = National Monument	formernmon = Ehemaliges National Monument	nhs = National Historic Site	formernhs = Ehemalige National Historic Site	nmem = National Memorial	formernmem = Ehemaliges National Memorial	nhp = National Historical Park	formernhp = Ehemaliger National Historical Park	nb = National Battlefield	formernb = Ehemaliges National Battlefield	nmp = National Military Park	formernmp = Ehemaliger National Military Park	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbp = Ehemaliger National Battlefield Park	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernbs = Ehemalige National Battlefield Site	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formernhr = Ehemalige National Historic Reserve	ihs = International Historic Site	formerihs = Ehemalige International Historic Site	cp = Historic District Contributing Property	formercp = Ehemaliges Historic District Contributing Property	#default = }} }}{{#ifeq:text|link	{{#switch:	nrhp = National Register of Historic Places	formernhl	nhl	formernhld	nhld = National Historic Landmark	formerhd	hd = Historic District (Vereinigte Staaten)	formernmon	nmon = National Monument	formernhs	nhs = National Historic Site	formernmem	nmem = National Memorial	formernhp	nhp = National Historical Park	formernb	nb = National Battlefield	formernmp	nmp = National Military Park	formernbp	nbp = National Battlefield Park	formernbs	nbs = National Battlefield Site	formernhr	nhr = National Historic Reserve	formerihs	ihs = International Historic Site	formercp	cp = Contributing Property	#default = }} }}{{#ifeq:text|abbr	{{#switch:	formernhl = NHL	formernhld = NHLD	formerhd = HD	formernmon = NMON	formernhs = NHS	formernmem = NMEM	formernhp = NHP	formernb = NB	formernmp = NMP	formernbp = NBP	formernbs = NBS	formernhr = NHR	formerihs = IHS	formercp = CP	#default = }} }} }} {{#if: Sutters Mill.jpg|
James Marshall vor Sutters Sägemühle (etwa 1850) James Marshall vor Sutters Sägemühle (etwa 1850) {{#if: James Marshall vor Sutters Sägemühle (etwa 1850)|James Marshall vor Sutters Sägemühle (etwa 1850) }} }}
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(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}} |{{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} |}} {{#if: | | }} |2={{#if: | | }} |3= ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N 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{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} ‹|kein Wert}} in type-Parameter {{#if: | | }} |5= ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}}{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}}{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}} ||O|E|W={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{#switch:N | R+ = abs | R- = -abs | Z = trunc | Z+ | N = abs trunc | Z- = -abs trunc}}(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) = (0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}} |{{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} |, 2:{{#if:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}}{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}}{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}} ||O|E|W={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#iferror:{{#ifexpr:{{#switch:N | R+ = abs | R- = -abs | Z = trunc | Z+ | N = abs trunc | Z- = -abs trunc}}(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) = (0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) {{#if: | round ({{{3}}}) }} | 1 }} }}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#expr: (({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) ) -180 ) -((({{#ifeq:{{#TITLEPARTS:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}}|W|-}} ((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) ) -180 )/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}} |{{#expr: (((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) -180) -((((0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1}}) -180)/360 -.5 )round 0 )*360 -180 )}} }}}} }}{{#if:|, 3:}}{{#if:|, 4:}} {{#if:|usw.}} {{#if: | | }} |6={{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} || |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: 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|1|4}}{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N 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|1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} |falscher Wert ›{{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}}{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}} ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} ‹|kein Wert}} in type-Parameter {{#if: | | }} |5= ||N|S={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}}|expr=1|set={{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}}|N|R+}}}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}|expr=1|set=N}}|1}}|111 |{{#ifexpr: (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})>=60 or (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})>=60 | |{{#ifeq:S|{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|4}}|- }}{{#ifexpr:( (0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) )>90 |90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|3}})/3600 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1|2}})/60 +(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}}) }} }} }} | }} |#default= }} |{{#if:{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}} |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})>90|90 |{{#ifexpr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})<-90|-90 |{{#expr:(0{{#titleparts:38/48/12.6/N |1}})}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{#if:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}}{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}}{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|2}} |{{#switch:{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|4}} ||O|E|W={{#ifeq: {{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W |1|3}}|expr=1|set=R+}}|1}}{{#if:{{#invoke:Expr|figure|0{{#titleparts:120/53/32.3/W 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}}

}} |- | Lage | Coloma, El Dorado County, Kalifornien |- {{#if:||

  | style="vertical-align:top" | Koordinaten
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|2 = {{#switch:0
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 |example={{#if:
  | 
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 }}
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 | 
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 | {{{elevation}}}{{#switch:0
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 |
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|10= überflüssige Parameter
|#default=

}}}} }} |- {{#if:233 Hektar | | Fläche || 233 Hektar }} |- {{#if: | | Erbaut || }} |- {{#if: | | Architekt || }} |- {{#if: | | Baustil || }} |- {{#if:172 540 | | Besucherzahl || 172 540 {{#if:Fiscal Year 2016-17<ref>State Park System Statistical Report 2016/17 parks.ca.gov</ref> | (Fiscal Year 2016-17<ref>State Park System Statistical Report 2016/17 parks.ca.gov</ref>) }} }} |- {{#if:66000207 | | NRHP-Nummer || 66000207{{#if:||}}}} {{#if:| |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#A8EDEF; color:#202122;" | Daten }} |- | Ins NRHP aufgenommen | 15. Oktober 1966 |- {{#if: | | Als NRHP entfernt || {{{Entfernt}}} }} |- {{#if: | | Als [[{{#ifeq:link|color

|{{#switch:Site
 |nrhp        = #A8EDEF
 |nhl         = SkyBlue
 |formernhld
 |formerhd
 |formernmon
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 |formernb
 |formernmp
 |formernbp
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 |formerihs
 |formercp
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 |nbp         = #E6E6AA
 |nbs         = #FFE8E8
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 |cp          = #CCFFCC
 |#default    = White
}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|text

|{{#switch:Site
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}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|link

|{{#switch:Site
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 |nhr         = National Historic Reserve
 |formerihs
 |ihs         = International Historic Site
 |formercp
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}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|abbr

|{{#switch:Site
 |formernhl   = NHL
 |formernhld  = NHLD
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 |formerihs   = IHS
 |formercp    = CP
 |#default    = SITE
}}

}}|{{#ifeq:abbr|color

|{{#switch:Site
 |nrhp        = #A8EDEF
 |nhl         = SkyBlue
 |formernhld
 |formerhd
 |formernmon
 |formernhs
 |formernmem
 |formernhp
 |formernb
 |formernmp
 |formernbp
 |formernbs
 |formernhr
 |formerihs
 |formercp
 |formernhl   = #DDD
 |nhld        = #79CDCD
 |hd          = Lavender
 |nmon        = PapayaWhip
 |nhs         = CadetBlue
 |nmem        = #CCC
 |nhp         = #CCF
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 |nmp         = DarkSalmon
 |nbp         = #E6E6AA
 |nbs         = #FFE8E8
 |nhr         = LightSalmon
 |ihs         = #FFE153
 |cp          = #CCFFCC
 |#default    = White
}}

}}{{#ifeq:abbr|text

|{{#switch:Site
 |nrhp        = National Register of Historic Places
 |nhl         = National Historic Landmark
 |formernhl   = Ehemalige National Historic Landmark
 |nhld        = National Historic Landmark District
 |formernhld  = Ehemaliger National Historic Landmark District
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}}

}}{{#ifeq:abbr|link

|{{#switch:Site
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 |nhl    
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 |formernmon
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 |formernmem
 |nmem        = National Memorial
 |formernhp
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 |nmp         = National Military Park
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 |cp          = Contributing Property
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}}

}}{{#ifeq:abbr|abbr

|{{#switch:Site
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 |formernhr   = NHR
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 |formercp    = CP
 |#default    = SITE
}}

}}]] deklariert || }} |- {{#if: | | Als [[{{#ifeq:link|color

|{{#switch:
 |nrhp        = #A8EDEF
 |nhl         = SkyBlue
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 |formerhd
 |formernmon
 |formernhs
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 |formernb
 |formernmp
 |formernbp
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 |formernhr
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 |formercp
 |formernhl   = #DDD
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 |ihs         = #FFE153
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 |#default    = White
}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|text

|{{#switch:
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 |#default    = 
}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|link

|{{#switch:
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}}

}}{{#ifeq:link|abbr

|{{#switch:
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}}

}}|{{#ifeq:abbr|color

|{{#switch:
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}}

}}{{#ifeq:abbr|text

|{{#switch:
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}}{{#ifeq:abbr|link

|{{#switch:
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}}{{#ifeq:abbr|abbr

|{{#switch:
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}}

}}]] deklariert || }} |}

Sutter’s Mill (engl. verkürzt von Sutter’s sawmill für Sutters Sägemühle) war ein Sägewerk nahe Coloma am American River in Kalifornien. Am 24. Januar 1848 fand dort der Zimmermann James W. Marshall mehrere Goldkörner.<ref>James S. Brown: An Authentic History of the First Find With the Names of Those Interested in the Discovery, 24. Januar 1894, auf den Webseiten des Virtual Museums of the City of San Francisco</ref> Der Fund löste den kalifornischen Goldrausch von 1848 aus.

Geschichte

Vor dem Goldfund

Johann August Sutter hatte für seine Kolonie Neu-Helvetien einen großen Bedarf an Bauholz. Bereits ab 1840 plante er den Bau von Korn- und Sägemühlen,<ref>siehe Zollinger S. 1353.</ref> wozu er aber Handwerker benötigte. Am 27. August 1847 ging er eine Partnerschaft mit dem Zimmermann James W. Marshall ein. Sutter sollte das Material organisieren und Marshall den Bau und späteren Betrieb der Sägemühle leiten. Marshall hatte von Sutter's Fort aus die weitere Umgebung erkundet. Große Bestände an Zucker-Kiefern und die Wasserkraft des South Fork American River veranlassten James W. Marshall den Standort nahe dem Dorf Ko-lo-ma<ref>{{#if:|{{#iferror: {{#iferror:{{#invoke:Vorlage:FormatDate|Execute}}|}}| |}}}}{{#if:|{{{autor}}}: }}{{#if:{{#switch:{{#switch: |antarid|retired= }}

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  }}</ref> der Nisenan-Indianer vorzuschlagen. Er hatte die Gegend im Mai und Juli erkundet, aber Mitte August auch noch Gebiete am Feather River nach Standorten abgesucht.

Sutter stimmte dem – entgegen den Warnungen seines Verwalters John Bidwell – zu.<ref>siehe John Bidwell: Echoes of the Past about California. Chico o. J, S. 91 im Internet Archive</ref> Der Bauplatz lag – weitab von den Ländereien Sutters – etwa 60 Kilometer nordöstlich von Fort Sutter auf der Gemarkung der heutigen Ortschaft Coloma am American River. Die Wahl des abgelegenen Standortes wurde von den Nachbarn europäischer Abstammung mit Unverständnis wahrgenommen,<ref>siehe Zollinger S. 1354.</ref> aber niemand störte sich an der unautorisierten Nutzung eines Geländes in der Wildnis. Nach Aussagen von Marshall hatten er und Sutter sich mit den lokalen Indianern bereits über die Nutzung des Platzes geeinigt.<ref>James W. Marshall's account of the first discovery of the Gold auf www.malakoff.com; abgerufen am 9. April 2020</ref>

Bereits am 28. August und den darauf folgenden Tagen zog der Bautrupp in mehreren Gruppen ins Coloma-Tal. Neben Marshall und der Familie Wimmer<ref>in der Literatur öfter auch Weimer oder Wemer genannt</ref> gehörten sechs Weiße und 7 Indianer zum Trupp. Die Weißen waren überwiegend Mormonen, die während des Mexikanisch-Amerikanischen Krieges im Mormonenbataillon für die Amerikaner gekämpft hatten. Nach der Demobilisierung wollten sie eigentlich in die Kolonie von Brigham Young in Utah ziehen. Von dort erhielten sie jedoch die Aufforderung, zunächst in Kalifornien zu bleiben, bis man in Utah mehr Menschen mit Lebensmitteln versorgen könne.

Marshall kam vor der restlichen Gruppe im Coloma-Tal an, um den genauen Standort der Mühle in dem bisher nur grob bestimmten Baugebiet festzulegen. Die Arbeiten wurden Anfang September 1847 begonnen und im Herbst und Winter fortgesetzt. Beim Bau des Kanals wurden auch Sprengmittel eingesetzt. Es kam öfter zu Veränderungen in der Mannschaft, und nach etwa einem Monat trafen weitere Mormonen ein, darunter auch William Bigler und Azariah Smith, deren Tagebücher später auch Zeugnis über den ersten Goldfund ablegten.<ref group="Anm.">Eine Zusammenfassung der Zeugenaussagen findet sich bei: John Shertzer Hittell: Marshall's gold discovery, San Francisco 1893 {{#if:marshallsgolddis00hitt

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  }}. Zeugen waren: James Stephens Brown: California gold; an authentic history of the first find, with the names of those interested in the discovery; published by the author, James S. Brown, Salt Lake City, Utah. Oakland Cal., Pacific press publishing company, 1894, In: The Magazine of history, with notes and queries. New York, N.Y., 1933. 27 cm. Extra number. no. 191 (v. 48, no. 3) p. [5]-21. pdf; Henry W. Bigler: Extracts from the journal of Henry W. Bigler. Utah Historical Quarterly, Band 5, Heft 2 (April 1932), S. 35–64 collections.lib.utah.edu; Diary of Azariah Smith in 1847 and 1848, with notes by John S. Hittell. In: Overland monthly and Out West Magazine, Volume 11, Issue 62, Feb 1888, S. 123–127 online</ref>

Nach dem Goldfund

Der Bau der Sägemühle war vorangeschritten, und es wurde Ende Januar 1848 insbesondere an der Vertiefung des Ablaufkanals gearbeitet. Hierbei fand Marshall erstmals am 24. Januar 1848<ref>John Shertzer Hittell: Marshall's gold discovery, San Francisco 1893 {{#if:marshallsgolddis00hitt

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  }}</ref><ref group="Anm.">Das genaue Datum des Goldfundes war lange umstritten, da Marshall selbst in seinen Erinnerungen den 19. Januar angab. Hittell kam aufgrund eines Vergleichs der Aufzeichnungen von Marshall, Sutter, Bigler, Brown und Smith zum Ergebnis, dass es der 24. Januar gewesen sein müsste. Allerdings sind alle Aufzeichnungen der am Fundort anwesenden Personen nicht sofort gemacht worden, sondern am Ende der Woche bzw. bei einigen erst nach Jahren aus der Erinnerung heraus.</ref> Gold, wobei er sich nicht sicher war, ob es sich tatsächlich um Gold handelte. In den Folgetagen wurden jeweils weitere Funde im Ablaufkanal gemacht, der nachts jeweils geflutet wurde. Am 28. Januar 1848 kam Marshall mit dem ersten Goldfund zu Sutter nach Fort Sutter, wo man nach einigen Tests zum Ergebnis kam, dass es sich tatsächlich um Gold handeln musste. Sutter besuchte den Fundort am 2. Februar und vereinbarte mit Marshall und den Arbeitern, den Fund mindestens einige Wochen geheim zu halten, damit das Sägewerk und die Getreidemühle bei Sutter's Fort noch fertiggestellt werden konnten.

ausgewählte Daten zur Geschichte

	27. August 1847	Partnerschaft zwischen Marshall und Sutter zum Bau und Betrieb des Sägewerkes
	28. August 1847	Aufbruch des Bautrupps von Sutter's Fort nach Coloma
	24. Januar 1848	Marshalls erster Goldfund
	28. Januar 1848	Marshall berichtet Sutter in Sutter's Fort
	13. März 1848	Das Sägewerk ist betriebsbereit
	5. Dezember 1848	US-Präsident James K. Polk gibt in einer Botschaft an den Kongress den Goldfund offiziell bekannt
	Dezember 1848	Sutter verkauft seinen Anteil an der Mühle
	1853	Sutter's Mill stellt den Betrieb ein
	1857	vom Mühlenhaus ist nichts mehr sichtbar
	1867	der Fluss hat die gesamte Anlage mit Geröll überspült und zugeschüttet
	1947	Ausgrabungen zeigen Fundamente der Mühle
	20. Januar 1968	Einweihung des ersten Nachbaus
	24. Januar 2014	Grundsteinlegung für den 2. Nachbau

Mit den lokalen Nisenan-Indianern schlossen Sutter und Marshall nun einen formalen Vertrag, der die bereits im August getroffenen Abmachungen fixieren sollte. Gegen jährliche Warenlieferungen im Wert von 200 Dollar durften sie drei Jahre lang das Gebiet nutzen und Gold abbauen. Sutter kehrte zu seinem Fort zurück und sandte am 8. Februar Bennett zum amerikanischen Militärgouverneur von Kalifornien, Richard Barnes Mason, um das Land nach amerikanischem Recht für sich zu sichern, was aber nicht gelang.<ref>siehe Zollinger S. 1378.</ref>

In Coloma wurde tatsächlich weiter gebaut und nur in der Freizeit Gold gesucht. Das Wasserrad und die Sägeeinrichtung wurden aufgebaut sowie der Dachstuhl des Mühlebaus errichtet. Am 11. März erfolgte ein erster Test des Sägewerkes und am 13. März meldete Marshall die Fertigstellung an Sutter und lieferte am 22. März die ersten Bretter nach Fort Sutter.<ref>siehe Neasham S. 120.</ref>

Die Freizeitgoldsuche beschränkte sich zunächst auf den Auslaufkanal der Mühle, aber am 6. Februar wurde auch am jenseitigen Flussufer Gold gefunden und bis Ende Februar dehnte sich das Suchgebiet flussabwärts aus. Ab 14. Februar verbreitete sich die Nachricht vom Goldfund von Sutter's Fort bis San Francisco, wo insbesondere einer der führenden Mormonen Kaliforniens, Samuel Brannan, die Nachricht verbreitete und in großem Umfang Ausrüstungsgegenstände für Goldgräber aufkaufte, mit deren Verkauf er dann ein gutes Geschäft machte. Am 8. April beendeten einige Mormonen ihr Arbeitsverhältnis bei Sutter, da sie – wie versprochen – das Sägewerk fertiggestellt hatten. Nun wollten sie sich voll der Goldsuche widmen. Anfang März hatten zwei Mormonen auf dem Rückweg von Coloma nach Fort Sutter bereits auf halbem Weg eine weitere Fundstelle entdeckt. Hier sammelten sich nun im April zunehmend mehr Mormonen und die Stelle wurde bekannt als Mormon Island. Marshall betrieb das Sägewerk zunächst mit einer kleinen Mannschaft weiter, aber Mitte Mai war es mangels Arbeitskräften schon stillgelegt, da Sam Brannan ein Geschäft in Coloma errichtete und die Bretter dafür von der Schiffslandestelle in Sutter's Fort mit Wagen nach Coloma gefahren werden mussten. Auch Sutter eröffnete hier mit Partnern ein Geschäft. Die Mormonen verließen am 26. Juni Kalifornien und zogen nach Salt Lake City. Jeder hatte lediglich Gold im Wert von ein paar Hundert Dollars gefunden.<ref>siehe Neasham S. 123.</ref> Anfang Juli besuchten Gouverneur Mason und sein Adjutant William T. Sherman die Goldfelder.<ref group="Anm.">Mason fertigte bei dieser Gelegenheit Kartenskizzen der Upper and lower gold mines (Sutter's mill und Mormon Island) an.</ref> Am 30. August sandte Mason seinen Bericht<ref group="Anm.">In seiner Einschätzung betonte Mason, dass im kalifornischen Central Valley genug Gold vorhanden sei, um die Kosten des amerikanisch-mexikanischen Krieges hundertfach abzudecken – siehe Neasham S. 125.</ref> mit Goldproben per Boten an Präsident Polk. Der Bote kam per Schiff erst im November 1848 an der amerikanischen Ostküste an. US-Präsident James K. Polk gab in einer Botschaft an den Kongress den Goldfund offiziell bekannt und nun machten sich zu Lande und zu Wasser Tausende auf die Reise nach Westen.

Im Dezember 1848 verkaufte Sutter seinen Anteil am Sägewerk an John Winters und Alden S. Bayley. Marshall blieb zwar Teilhaber, verkaufte aber auch ein Drittel seiner Hälfte. Bis Mai 1849 arbeitete die Sägemühle Tag und Nacht. Dann kam es zu einer Unterbrechung wegen Holzmangels. Der Betrieb wurde später wieder aufgenommen und bis 1853 fortgeführt. Der Bedarf an Bauholz war aufgrund der starken Zuwanderung erheblich angestiegen und es waren gute Preise zu erzielen. Andererseits hatten eine ganze Anzahl von Goldgräbern aufgrund geringer Funde und mühevoller Arbeit schon den Weg zurück in eine normale Beschäftigung gesucht, da auch hier die Löhne hoch waren. Betrieben wurde das Sägewerk von der Firma Messrs. Winters, Bayley & Marshall.<ref group="Anm.">Teilhaber waren der Kaufmann John Winters und der Rechtsanwalt Alden S. Bayley (siehe Betty Sederquist: Coloma. S. 8 books.google.de). Marshall selbst spricht von Messrs. Ragley and Winters James W. Marshall's account of the first discovery of the Gold; abgerufen am 7. April 2020</ref> 1853 war der Höhepunkt des Goldrausches in Coloma bereits vorüber und das Sägewerk wurde nicht mehr genutzt und zerfiel. Bruchstücke des Gebäudes wurden zu Souvenirs verarbeitet.<ref>siehe Sioli S. 178.</ref> Bereits auf Abbildungen von Coloma, die 1857 erstellt wurden, ist von Sutter's Mill nichts mehr zu sehen und 1867 überflutete der American River das Gelände und die Reste wurden durch Geröll verschüttet.

Die Anlage

Datei:Sutters Mill Karte.png

Kartenskizze mit der Lage der Sägemühle und deren Bestandteilen (In Flussrichtung von rechts nach links: Damm, Zulaufkanal, Mühle, Ablaufkanal=tail race)

Sutter's Mill war eine Wassermühle mit einem unterschlächtigen Wasserrad. Das zum Antrieb benötigte Wasser wurde durch einen Damm vom Fluss in den Zulaufkanal geleitet und nach dem vertikalen Mühlrad durch den Ablaufkanal wieder dem Fluss zugeführt.<ref>siehe Neasham S. 111.</ref> Um den Kanal kurz und gerade führen zu können, wählte Marshall als Standort für das Sägewerk eine Stelle in der Nähe einer Biegung des Flusses, die dann durch den Kanal abgeschnitten wurde. Der eigentliche Mühlenbau hatte eine Grundfläche von 6 × 18 Meter. Für die Arbeiter wurde eine mit Schindeln gedeckte Blockhütte errichtet in der zunächst die Familie Wimmer und die Mormonen wohnten – Marshall erhielt eine eigene Hütte. Mitte Januar bauten die Mormonen eine eigene Hütte, da es zu Unstimmigkeiten mit Frau Wimmer kam, die für den ganzen Trupp kochte – hier richtete Sutter einige Monate später sein Ladengeschäft ein.

Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park

Datei:James W. Marshall monument.jpg

Marshall Monument im Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park

Datei:Sutters mill.JPG

Rekonstruktion der Sägemühle

Marshall war 1885 verarmt gestorben und wurde in Coloma begraben. Bereits seit 1887 bemühten sich die Native Sons of the Golden West um die Errichtung eines Denkmals für Marshall.<ref>Marshall Monument – California Historical Markers on Waymarking.com; abgerufen am 31. März 2020</ref><ref>Office of Historic Preservation: Marshall Monument, California Historical Landmark Nr. 143</ref>

Am 3. Mai 1890 wurde schließlich auf einem Hügel südlich des Ortes ein Denkmal für den verstorbenen Marshall errichtet. Die Statue zeigt mit dem Finger auf den ersten Fundort des Goldes. Im Spätsommer 1924 wurden bei Niedrigwasser Teile des ehemaligen Damms sichtbar und bei Ausgrabungen wurden die Fundamente des Mühlenhauses freigelegt und durch ein steinernes Denkmal markiert.

Im Vorfeld des 100-jährigen Jubiläums des Goldfundes erwarb der Staat Kalifornien 1942 das Gelände. 1945 wurde das 1924 errichtete steinerne Monument renoviert und 1947 ergab eine archäologische Untersuchung<ref group="Anm.">Hierbei wurden auch zahlreiche Gebrauchsgegenstände aus der Zeit des Goldrausches gefunden – siehe Franklin Fenenga: Artifacts from Excavation of Sutter's Sawmill. In: California Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Jun., 1947), S. 160–162 JSTOR</ref> den genauen Standort und Details der ursprünglichen Sägemühle. 1961 wurde etwas südlich des Fundortes das Gold Rush Museum eröffnet.<ref>California Gold Rush Museum To Open at Site of Sutter's Mill. In: History News, Vol. 16, No. 3 (JANUARY, 1961), S. 31 (1 page)JSTOR</ref>

Ein erster Nachbau der historischen Sägemühle wurde von 1965 bis 1967 erbaut und 1968 eingeweiht.<ref>siehe Sederquist S. 100.</ref> Aufgrund der Schäden an diesem Nachbau und neuer Erkenntnisse über den historischen Bau wurde der erste Nachbau abgebrochen und 2014 der Grundstein für den zweiten Nachbau gelegt.

Das 1924 errichtete Monument (Gold discovery site) ist seit 1955 eine California Historical Landmark<ref>Office of Historic Preservation: Gold discovery site, California Historical Landmark Nr. 530</ref> und Teil des Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park, der auch ein National Historic Landmark District ist<ref>List of NHLs by State</ref> und im National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) geführt wird.<ref>NRIS Nr. 66000207</ref> Der State Park steht unter der Verwaltung der California State Parks. Dort gibt es neben einem kleinen Museum zur Geschichte des Ortes und des Goldrausches, einem funktionstüchtigen Nachbau des Sägewerkes und mehreren historischen Bauten die Möglichkeit für Besucher, selbst Gold zu waschen.

Sutter's Mill Meteorite

Nach Sutter's Mill wurde der Meteorit Sutter’s-Mill-Bolide benannt, der am 22. April 2012 über Nevada und Kalifornien beobachtet wurde.<ref>NASA: Sunday morning bolide over California, 23. April 2012.</ref> Bruchstücke des Meteoriten wurden nahe Sutter's Mill auf einer Pferdeweide beim Henningsen Lotus Park gefunden.<ref>Astronomy Picture of the Day – Sutter’s Mill meteorite vom 28. April 2012.</ref> Die Analyse der Bruchstücke ergab außergewöhnliche Ergebnisse, wie den relativ großen Anteil an Diamanten.<ref>Seth Shostak: Analysis of the Gold Rush Meteorite finds exotic materials. auf der Homepage des SETI Institute; abgerufen am 7. April 2020</ref><ref>NASA Researchers Strike Scientific Gold With Meteoriteauf der Homepage des SETI Institute; abgerufen am 7. April 2020</ref>

Literatur

• Paolo Sioli: Historical souvenir of El Dorado County, California : with illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men & pioneers. Oakland 1883, S. 59–67 im Internet Archive und S. 177–180 im Internet Archive
• Betty Sederquist: Coloma Google-Digitalisat beschränkt einsehbar
• Aubrey Neasham: Sutter's Sawmill. In: California Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Jun., 1947), S. 109–133 JSTOR

Weblinks

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• California Department of Parks and Recreation: Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park
  • Office of Historic Preservation: Gold discovery site, California Historical Landmark Nr. 530
  • Office of Historic Preservation: Marshall Monument, California Historical Landmark Nr. 143
• Eintrag Sutter's Mill auf der Plattform Calisphere der University of California mit vielen frühen Fotografien; abgerufen am 4. April 2020
• Discovery of Gold, by John A. Sutter, Hutchings’ California Magazine, November 1857. Sutter describes how he wanted a sawmill near the Sacramento and how Marshall told him of the gold.

Einzelnachweise

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Anmerkungen

<references group="Anm." />