Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei

{{#if: Datei:Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1800.jpg | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: Thomas Jefferson | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: 1792 | {{#if: | {{#if: 1820er-30er | {{#if: Washington, D.C. | {{#if: | {{#if: Liberalismus
Agrarismus
Republikanismus
Linkspopulismus | {{#if: Blau, weiß, rot | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: | {{#if: |

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Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei Democratic-Republican Party
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Die Kokarde der Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei
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Datei:Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1800.jpg }}
Partei­chef{{#if:|in }}	}}
Partei­vorsitzende{{#if:| r }}	}}
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Partei­führer{{#if:| in }}	Thomas Jefferson }}
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General­sekretär{{#if:| in }}	}}
Stell­vertretende{{#if:| r }} Vorsitzende{{#if:| r }}	}}
Sprecher{{#if:| in }}	}}
Vorsitzend{{#if:|e|er}} der Senatsfraktion	}}
Vorsitzend{{#if:|e|er}} im Repräsentantenhaus	}}
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Entstehung	}}
Gründung	1792 }}
Gründungs­ort	}}
{{#switch: Fusion|Fusion=Fusion|Umbenennung=Umbenennung|Verbot=Verbot|#default=Auflösung}}	1820er-30er {{#if:mehrheitlich Demokratische Partei und teilweise National Republican Party| ({{#switch: Fusion|Fusion=aufgegangen in |Umbenennung=umbenannt in }}: mehrheitlich Demokratische Partei und teilweise National Republican Party)}} }}
Haupt­sitz	Washington, D.C. }}
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Jugend­organisation	}}
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Aus­richtung	Liberalismus Agrarismus Republikanismus Linkspopulismus }}
Farbe(n)	Blau, weiß, rot }}
Repräsentantenhaus	}}
Senat	}}
Mitglieder­zahl	}}
Internationale Verbindungen	}}
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Website	}}
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Die Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei (bis 1798 nur Republikanische Partei) entstand in den Anfangsjahren der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika als republikanische Partei und Gegenstück zu den Föderalisten, die sich zuvor bei der Erstellung der amerikanischen Verfassung mit ihren Vorstellungen von einer starken Bundesregierung klar durchgesetzt hatten. Zeitgenössisch war fast nur die Bezeichnung Republikanische Partei in Gebrauch. Heute verwenden Historiker oft die damals gelegentliche Bezeichnung Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei, um sie von den heutigen Republikanern zu unterscheiden.<ref name="tufts">Republican in A New Nation Votes, American Antiquarian Society und Tufts University, abgerufen am 13. April 2021.</ref> Da Thomas Jefferson neben dem früheren Föderalisten James Madison die Partei um 1791 begründete und großen Einfluss auf ihr Programm hatte, nennt man sie auch Jeffersonian Republicans.<ref>U.S.Senate: Party Division, abgerufen am 13. April 2021.</ref>

Geschichte

Ihren Ursprung hatte die Partei in den Gruppierungen der Anti-Föderalisten und der Anti-Administration Party, die sich gegen eine zu starke Zentralregierung für die noch jungen USA und gegen die Finanzpolitik Alexander Hamiltons aussprachen, da sie um die Rechte der Bundesstaaten und der Bürger fürchteten. Außerdem hatten ihre Anhänger Sympathien für die Ideen der Französischen Revolution und lehnten eine Wiederannäherung an die ehemalige Kolonialmacht (Großbritannien) strikt ab. Nach dem parteilosen General der Unabhängigkeit George Washington und dem föderalistischen Präsidenten John Adams war Thomas Jefferson der erste Präsident der Demokraten-Republikaner.<ref>Ronald D. Gerste: Duell ums Weisse Haus: Amerikanische Präsidentschaftswahlen von George Washington bis 2008 NZZ Libro, ISBN 978-3-03823-416-6. </ref> Nach dem Zerfall der Föderalistischen Partei infolge des Kriegs von 1812 war die Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei zeitweise die einzige bedeutende Partei. James Monroe hatte 1820 als amtierender Präsident praktisch keinen Gegner mehr, nachdem er 1816 haushoch gegen den historisch letzten föderalistischen Kandidaten gewonnen hatte.<ref>1820 Presidential Election auf 270towin, abgerufen am 13. April 2021.</ref>

Bei der Präsidentschaftswahl 1824 hingegen kandidierten aus diesem Umstand heraus gleich vier Demokraten-Republikaner gegeneinander für Monroes Nachfolge. Andrew Jackson erhielt zwar die meisten Stimmen, aber nicht die absolute Mehrheit. Das Repräsentantenhaus, das in solchen Fällen den Präsidenten aus den drei Kandidaten mit den meisten Stimmen wählt, bestimmte – unter Vermittlung seines Sprechers und des Mitkandidaten Henry Clay – John Quincy Adams zum Präsidenten. Clay wurde danach in Adams’ Kabinett berufen. Dieser von Korruptionsvorwürfen überschattete Vorgang führte zu einem dauerhaften Zerwürfnis innerhalb der Partei zwischen Jacksons und Adams’ Anhängern. Wenig später zerfiel die Partei in die noch heute bestehende Demokratische Partei, die Anhänger Jacksons, der 1828 schließlich zum Präsidenten gewählt wurde, und die kurzlebige National Republican Party, die Anhänger Adams’ und Clays.<ref name="tufts" />

Demokratisch-Republikanische Präsidenten

1. Thomas Jefferson (1801–1809)
2. James Madison (1809–1817)
3. James Monroe (1817–1825)
4. John Quincy Adams (1825–1829)

Siehe auch

• Liste der politischen Parteien der Vereinigten Staaten

Einzelnachweise

<references/>

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